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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04456

How Agent Skills Evolve: A Large-Scale Empirical Study of Skills on GitHub

Jinjun Huang, Jialun Cao, Junxiao Han, Zhonghao Jiang, Shing-Chi Cheung, Zhongxin Liu

原文摘要

Large language model-based agents increasingly rely on external skills to reuse task-specific knowledge without retraining the model. As skills become common for extending agent capabilities, understanding creation and evolution is critical for reliable agent systems. However, existing studies mainly examine agent skills from a static perspective, leaving their evolution in real-world repositories largely unexplored. This limits our understanding of the patterns and motivations behind skill changes. To fill this gap, we present a large-scale empirical study of agent skills, capturing 84,200 skills and 750,898 commits from GitHub. We manually construct taxonomies of skill components, change patterns, and evolution motivations, and build an automated annotation pipeline to label changes at scale. Based on the taxonomy, we conduct quantitative analyses of skill composition and post-creation evolution frequency, together with qualitative assessments of modified components, change patterns, and motivations. Our findings reveal five implications: (i) reliability receives less attention in skill composition and change, motivating execution-contract skill design that incorporates verification and recovery mechanisms; (ii) evolution changes concentrate in project-coupled skills, calling for automated just-in-time skill updating mechanisms; (iii) change patterns are dominated by incremental enrichment and refinement, motivating pattern-guided skill enhancers that diagnose and improve incomplete skill components; (iv) redundancy is a practical maintenance issue, highlighting the need for context-efficient skill representation; (v) security-motivated changes show limited risk reduction, suggesting skill regression testing methods that objectively verify skill functionality and security. Beyond these insights, our dataset provides a basis for future studies on automated skill techniques.

cs.SE

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03197

Finding the Pivots to Repair Broken Source-Test Evolution Using LLMs

Xiao Chen, Songqiang Chen, Jialun Cao, Yun Peng, Chun Yong Chong, Shing-Chi Cheung

原文摘要

Repairing obsolete tests in response to source code evolution is critical for test suite reliability and software quality assurance. While large language models (LLMs) have emerged as promising tools for automating many software development tasks, the effective supply of context and the orchestration of repair pipelines in this source--test co-evolution scenario remain poorly understood. Moreover, although reasoning is found helpful for LLMs on some complex coding tasks, it remains unclear which reasoning steps actually contribute to effective test repairs and how the insights learned from LLMs' behaviors benefit coding agents. In this paper, we present a systematic empirical study of test repair for source-test co-evolution empowered by LLMs, investigating the effective setups and typical LLM behaviors. To support this study, we construct a new benchmark of 500 real-world source-test co-evolution cases from commits submitted between May 2024 and April 2026 across 15 highly-starred open-source Java projects. Our experimental results reveal several key insights for effective LLM-based test repair: the complementary benefits of combining test failure symptoms, source code changes, and supportive code context, as well as the effectiveness of self-repair rounds. We further derive a common reasoning action taxonomy from LLMs' reasoning traces, which proves instrumental in guiding LLMs to repair tests more effectively while at a lower financial cost. Applying our findings to the Codex agent further improves its repair success rate on challenging cases by 66.7%.

cs.SE

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.09802

SWE-Bench ProMax: Benchmarking Agents on Large-Scale Multilingual Code Refactoring

Yuling Shi, Jinghan Xu, Kelin Fu, Wenhao Zeng, Shilin He, Lei Zhang, Yue Liu, Zelin Zhao 等 15 位作者

原文摘要

As AI coding agents take on increasingly complex, long-horizon software engineering tasks, existing benchmarks are rapidly saturating and their evaluation quality has come under serious scrutiny: a recent audit found that nearly 60% of unsolved SWE-bench Verified instances contain flawed tests -- either overly narrow tests that reject correct solutions or overly broad tests that check unstated requirements -- and that frontier models can verbatim reproduce gold patches from training data. Code refactoring, which requires coordinated, behavior-preserving changes across many files, offers a substantially harder and more realistic test of agent capability, yet remains underserved by current benchmarks. We introduce SWE-Bench ProMax, an expert-curated, multilingual code refactoring benchmark of 170 instances drawn from real commits across seven programming languages (Python, Java, TypeScript, Go, C, C++, and Rust). Every instance undergoes rigorous, multi-stage curation that directly addresses the quality problems identified in prior benchmarks: issue descriptions are rewritten from scratch to provide precise, unambiguous specifications, and test suites are manually reviewed to remove overly narrow and overly broad tests. Tasks with insufficient complexity or limited cross-file scope are filtered out, yielding a benchmark of challenging, large-scale refactoring tasks that average 11.5 modified files and 261.6 lines of code per instance, substantially exceeding the scale of existing benchmarks. Experiments with frontier models under two agent scaffolds show that the best model achieves only 41.2% resolve rate, confirming that SWE-Bench ProMax presents a meaningful and unsaturated challenge for current AI coding agents. Our benchmark is available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/swe-bench-promax/SWE-Bench-ProMax.

cs.CL · cs.SE