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原文摘要

Particle-based volumetric flow measurement techniques have proven their efficacy in quantitatively assessing the dynamic characteristics of unsteady flows within the realm of fluid mechanics. Despite recent advances in multi-frame particle tracking, an open challenge in this area is maintaining trajectories in temporally under-sampled 3D sequences, where inter-frame displacements are large. In this work, we develop DiffTR-Flow3D, a diffusion-based model that estimates flow motion from spatiotemporal three-dimensional particle recordings via a stochastic diffusion process. DiffTR-Flow3D conditions the diffusion process with both global and local particle dynamics and enhances flow estimation by leveraging historical particle trajectories. Extensive experiments, including numerical simulations and real-world measurements, demonstrate that DiffTR-Flow3D achieves state-of-the-art displacement estimation accuracy compared with learning-based flow estimators, and, when integrated into particle tracking pipelines, substantially improves their long-term tracking performance, while exhibiting robustness and generalization across diverse flow patterns. This work is expected to provide fluid researchers with an effective tool for the consistent and precise analysis of particle trajectories in temporally under-sampled 3D sequences with large inter-frame displacements.