FreeForm Harness: A Mobile-Native Agent Harness for Open and Composable Extensions
Bo Zhang, Pengbo Zhang, Jiaxin Jiao, Yue Liu
Mobile phones support many everyday agent tasks, but current mobile agents bundle capabilities into monolithic pipelines with no open recombination point. Users and third parties cannot publish, install, and compose new behaviors, leaving personalized daily-life requests underserved. We argue that the missing piece is a substrate: although phones are the Web's dominant access point, open publication and composition under decentralized authorship stop at the agent harness. We present FreeForm Harness (FFH), a mobile-native agent harness for open, composable extensions. A frozen base and a permanence-aware required layer handle mobile constraints, including location, proactive triggering, and scarce channels. A uniform plugin contract makes independently authored extensions composable, checkable, and replaceable over a frozen socket set. FFH also supports end-user authorship through a tiered commissioned-authoring path. When no existing extension matches a user's intent, a Web coding agent generates a candidate artifact, which is validated and admitted on device under the same contract as other extensions. An Android prototype spans device, market, and cloud. Evaluation shows that architectural boundaries are enforced at runtime; realistic daily-life requests fit the declared composition space without widening it; and user intent reaches on-device execution through retrieval or commissioned authoring, with final trust decisions remaining device-local. FFH advances the agentic Web from "everything is a plugin" toward "everyone is a developer" on mobile.
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