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原文摘要

The growing presence of AI overviews in everyday search makes their effective evaluation essential. Response quality has been the primary focus of existing evaluation research, with only a small number of studies examining the user perspective. These evaluations rely on queries and response content, leaving the information conveyed by user behavior insufficiently utilized. This work investigates satisfaction prediction for AI overviews from a user-centered perspective and incorporates behavioral signals into the prediction process. Applying existing behavior-based satisfaction prediction methods from traditional information retrieval to this setting, however, presents limitations. We address these limitations with STaRS, an LLM-based approach designed specifically for predicting satisfaction with AI overviews. At its core is a structured reasoning procedure: individual behavioral signals are interpreted first, and their implications then inform the prediction of user satisfaction. Reinforcement learning further optimizes this procedure, while a reward shaping mechanism alleviates reward sparsity during training. Evaluation on two real-world datasets demonstrates that STaRS outperforms the comparison methods in satisfaction prediction, providing search providers with a practical means of accurately estimating users' satisfaction with AI overviews.