Can Large Language Models Keep Up? Benchmarking Online Adaptation to Continual Knowledge Streams
Jiyeon Kim Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Hyunji Lee Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Dylan Zhou Google, Sue Hyun Park KRAFTON Inc., Seunghyun Yoon Adobe Research, Trung Bui Adobe Research, Franck Dernoncourt Adobe Research, Sungmin Cha Meta Superintelligence Labs 等 9 位作者
LLMs operating in dynamic real-world contexts often encounter knowledge that evolves continuously or emerges incrementally. To remain accurate and effective, models must adapt to newly arriving information on the fly. We introduce Online Adaptation to Continual Knowledge Streams(OAKS) to evaluate this capability, establishing a benchmark for online adaptation over streaming, continually updating knowledge. Specifically, the benchmark is structured as a sequence of fine-grained context chunks where facts change dynamically across time intervals. OAKS comprises two datasets: OAKS-BABI and OAKS-Novel, where individual facts evolve multiple times across context chunks. These datasets include dense annotations to measure whether models track changes accurately. Evaluating 14 models with varied inference approaches, we observe significant limitations in current methodologies. Both state-of-the-art models and agentic memory systems fail to adapt robustly on OAKS, demonstrating delays in state-tracking and susceptibility to distraction within streaming environments. We will open-source the code and datasets.
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Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表