Underwater image enhancement aims to correct color and recover detail degraded by wavelength-dependent attenuation, scattering, and noise. Paired-reference supervision constrains output similarity, but does not by itself specify the color mapping, the strength of local detail corrections, or consistency with the degraded observation. We propose MCL-UIE, a paired-supervised framework that addresses these requirements by constraining restoration operations and the training objective. Monotonic Chromatic Transform (MCT) restricts global color mapping in log-LMS space through positive diagonal entries and bounded cross-channel coefficients. Uncertainty-Gated Wavelet Reconstruction (UGWR) modulates high-frequency residuals with a learned confidence gate calibrated against normalized wavelet reconstruction errors. During training, Reference-Anchored Degradation Replay (RADR) renders the enhanced image and its paired reference using shared latent degradation proxies, encouraging both to reproduce the input. The three components share a restoration network that combines structured color correction, locally controlled detail recovery, and reference-anchored replay. MCL-UIE ranks first in thirteen of sixteen full-reference dataset-metric comparisons and produces competitive visual results on no-reference benchmarks. Objective ablations indicate that confidence calibration is most effective when combined with replay supervision. RADR is used only during training and adds no inference-time computation. Our code is available at https://github.com/Wangtao-Bao/MCL-UIE.
Qingyu Lu, Liang Ding Alibaba Group, Kanjian Zhang Schools of Automation, Southeast University, Jinxia Zhang Southeast University, Dacheng Tao Nanyang Technological University
The pursuit of real-time agentic interaction has driven interest in Diffusion-based Large Language Models (dLLMs) as alternatives to auto-regressive backbones, promising to break the sequential latency bottleneck. However, does such efficiency gains translate into effective agentic behavior? In this work, we present a comprehensive evaluation of dLLMs (e.g., LLaDA, Dream) across two distinct agentic paradigms: Embodied Agents (requiring long-horizon planning) and Tool-Calling Agents (requiring precise formatting).Contrary to the efficiency hype, our results on Agentboard and BFCL reveal a “bitter lesson”: current dLLMs fail to serve as reliable agentic backbones, frequently leading to systematically failure. (1) In Embodied settings, dLLMs suffer repeated attempts, failing to branch under temporal feedback. (2) In Tool-Calling settings, dLLMs fail to maintain symbolic precision (e.g. strict JSON schemas) under diffusion noise. To assess the potential of dLLMs in agentic workflows, we introduce DiffuAgent, a multi-agent evaluation framework that integrates dLLMs as plug-and-play cognitive cores. Our analysis shows that dLLMs are effective in non-causal roles (e.g., memory summarization and tool selection) but require the incorporation of causal, precise, and logically grounded reasoning mechanisms into the denoising process to be viable for agentic tasks.
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cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.MA
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表