面向固态量子自旋自主实验研究的协作式AI智能体
Collaborative AI agents for autonomous experimental research with solid-state quantum spins
El Mustapha Mansouri, Eikichi Kimura, Masato Koga, Keigo Arai
AI 速览：多个基于大语言模型的智能体相互评审、可中止或改道研究，并在金刚石量子自旋体系上完成从选题、理论推导到实验检验的闭环。
An autonomous research laboratory could conduct an entire study, from formulating questions to preparing manuscripts. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers one route towards this goal. Recent AI systems take on several research roles, but may draw conclusions that the evidence does not support. Here, we present an autonomous research laboratory in which agents based on large language models assess one another's work and can stop or redirect investigations. They can generate and reject research questions, require separate theoretical checks and conduct experiments designed to challenge their claims. We demonstrate these capabilities by investigating ensembles of quantum spins in diamond. The agents derived the minimum number of calibration settings needed to predict responses to a defined family of microwave pulse sequences. They checked the result computationally and designed experiments to distinguish competing predictions. An initial experiment agreed with the theoretical predictions, but repeated reference measurements showed that the signal was drifting during data collection. The agents therefore treated the result as inconclusive and revised the measurement protocol without relaxing the acceptance criteria. The revised experiment met those criteria and supported the theoretical predictions. This study demonstrates that collaborating AI agents can select research questions, derive theoretical results and test their predictions experimentally.