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原文摘要

Building information models (BIM) can provide a global geometric reference for robot localization with LiDAR-inertial odometry (LIO). However, as-built deviations from the as-designed model mean that a disagreement between a scan and the BIM may arise from a pose error, an offset wall surface (an as-built deviation or an unmodeled object in front of the wall), or a shifted room, and in some geometries these explanations produce identical observations. In this paper, we formalize this attribution problem as fault identification over three fault classes and derive a geometric criterion for when attribution is possible. Building on it, we propose an identifiability-aware method that reports an attribution only when the fault is attributable; otherwise, it retains the candidates, defers BIM updates and BIM-based pose corrections in the ambiguous directions, and recovers once new references arrive. In the pre-registered two-dimensional study, on cases whose fault is detectable but not attributable, the method's conditional error rate was 0.83%, against 31.67% for a baseline with uncertainty-based abstention at the same answer rate. On the 5,600 attributable cases, the method reported a unique attribution 5,574 times, with no incorrect attributions. In paired fault injections in a laboratory room with its IFC model and on three floors of the SLABIM dataset, it raised no off-target attribution (0 of 168 conditions in the laboratory; 0 of 1,302 on SLABIM) and attributed all eight laboratory faults predicted to be attributable, whereas both reproduced baselines raised off-target structural flags in every setting.