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原文摘要

A common test of personalization replaces a user's history with someone else's and measures the drop in accuracy. But this swap also changes the topics in the history, so the drop may reflect topic mismatch. We examine this problem with a frozen language model on LaMP-2 news categorization, using histories from similar users and synthetic histories assembled from other users' articles. The user's own history improves accuracy by 2.3 percentage points over a model trained without history. Removing history only at evaluation makes this gain appear larger, at 4.8 points. Category labels alone reproduce 86% of the accuracy gap between the user's own history and a random user's history. With synthetic histories matched on labels and text similarity, the gap falls to 0.9 points. Across two user splits and three training seeds, the advantage over a similar user's history is 3.2 points for users seen during training and 0.65 points for unseen users, where the evidence for an advantage remains inconclusive. A small movie-tagging experiment with one training seed also finds no advantage over other users' histories. These findings show why personalization should be evaluated on unseen users, with histories of similar content and a model trained without history as comparisons. We also find that adding gated cross-attention improves on a prefix-only model under our training setup; whether this holds more broadly remains open.