Liu, Yifan, Zhan, Fangneng, Zhou, Kaichen, Du, Yilun, Liang, Paul Pu, Pfister, Hanspeter
Vision-language models (VLMs) struggle with 3D-related tasks such as spatial cognition and physical understanding, which are crucial for real-world applications like robotics and embodied agents. We attribute this to a modality gap between the 3D tasks and the 2D training of VLM, which led to inefficient retrieval of 3D information from 2D input. To bridge this gap, we introduce SandboxVLM, a simple yet effective framework that leverages abstract bounding boxes to encode geometric structure for VLMs. Specifically, we design a 3D Sandbox reconstruction and perception pipeline comprising four stages: generating multi-view priors with abstract control, proxy elevation, multi-view voting and clustering, and 3D-aware reasoning. Evaluated in zero-shot settings across multiple benchmarks and VLM backbones, our approach consistently improves spatial intelligence, achieving an 8.3% gain on SAT Real compared with baseline methods for instance. These results demonstrate that presenting VLMs with 3D abstractions substantially enhances their 3D reasoning ability without additional training, suggesting new possibilities for general-purpose embodied intelligence.
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cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) has emerged as a central approach for enhancing semantic alignment in flow-based diffusion models. In this paper, we explore a unified framework called **CFG-Ctrl**, which reinterprets CFG as a control applied to the first-order continuous-time generative flow, using the conditional-unconditional discrepancy as an error signal to adjust the velocity field. From this perspective, we summarize vanilla CFG as a proportional controller (P-control) with fixed gain, and typical follow-up variants develop extended control-law designs derived from it. However, existing methods mainly rely on linear control, inherently leading to instability, overshooting, and degraded semantic fidelity especially on large guidance scales. To address this, we introduce Sliding Mode Control CFG (**SMC-CFG**), which enforces the generative flow toward a rapidly convergent sliding manifold. Specifically, we define an exponential sliding mode surface over the semantic prediction error and introduce a switching control term to establish nonlinear feedback-guided correction. Moreover, we provide a Lyapunov stability analysis to theoretically support finite-time convergence. Experiments across text-to-image generation models including Stable Diffusion 3.5, Flux, and Qwen-Image demonstrate that SMC-CFG outperforms standard CFG in semantic alignment and enhances robustness across a wide range of guidance scales.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Hong, Jiankang, Luo, Ye, Liu, Yinan, Yuan, Junsong
Although foundation models (e.g. SAM) perform remarkably in medical image segmentation, its high computational complexity limits deployment. Knowledge distillation (KD) allows lightweight models to inherit the representational capabilities of large models, thereby mitigating this issue. Existing KD methods enhance student performance, but due to teacher-student different feature advantages, they neglect to internalize and integrate student's semantic information adaptively after knowledge transfer, causing poor knowledge assimilation and limiting gains and generalization. To address this limitation, we propose a novel medical image segmentation framework, which is infusion to assimilation distillation (IAD). In Knowledge Infusion Stage (KIS), to semantically align teacher-student prediction distributions, soft-label distillation is combined with class-weighted prototype alignment strategy. In Knowledge Assimilation Stage (KAS), to promote adaptively semantic assimilation, a contrastive semantic self-optimization strategy refines student predictions through positive and negative sample pairs and imposes reverse constraints on encoder features to enhance semantic consistency. IAD achieves DICE gains of 4.32% on Synapse, 1.85% on ACDC, and 2.42% on Polyp datasets, and delivers an average 4.16% generalization gain on ISIC2018, PH2, BUSI, and STU datasets, outperforming mainstream KD methods. Code is available at https://github.com/hjklearn/IAD.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Lin, Zichuan, Liu, Yicheng, Yang, Yang, Tao, Lvfang, Ye, Deheng
Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in visual question answering tasks, but their reliance on large numbers of visual tokens introduces significant computational overhead. While existing efficient VLM approaches reduce visual tokens through fixed-ratio compression, they operate passively and lack the ability to adapt to varying task requirements. This motivates a fundamental question: Can VLMs autonomously determine the minimum number of visual tokens required for each sample? Inspired by human active vision mechanisms, we introduce AdaptVision, an efficient VLM paradigm that enables adaptive visual token acquisition through a coarse-to-fine approach. Our model initially processes compressed visual tokens from low-resolution images and selectively acquires additional visual information by invoking a bounding box tool to crop key regions when necessary. We train AdaptVision using a reinforcement learning framework that carefully balances accuracy and efficiency. Central to our approach is Decoupled Turn Policy Optimization (DTPO), which decouples the learning objective into two components: (1) tool learning, which optimizes correct tool utilization, and (2) accuracy improvement, which refines the generated responses to improve answer correctness. Based on this formulation, we further decouple advantage estimation by computing separate advantages for tokens associated with each objective. This formulation enables more effective optimization for AdaptVision compared to vanilla GRPO. Comprehensive experiments across multiple VQA benchmarks demonstrate that AdaptVision achieves superior performance while consuming substantially fewer visual tokens than state-of-the-art efficient VLM methods.
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cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
A generalist robotic policy needs both semantic understanding for task planning and the ability to interact with the environment through predictive capabilities. To tackle this, we present MM-ACT, a unified Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model that integrates text, image, and action in shared token space and performs generation across all three modalities. MM-ACT adopts a re-mask parallel decoding strategy for text and image generation, and employs a one-step parallel decoding strategy for action generation to improve efficiency. We introduce Context-Shared Multimodal Learning, a unified training paradigm that supervises generation in all three modalities from a shared context, enhancing action generation through cross-modal learning. Experiments were conducted on the LIBERO simulation and Franka real-robot setups as well as RoboTwin2.0 to assess in-domain and out-of-domain performances respectively. Our approach achieves a success rate of 96.3% on LIBERO, 72.0% across three tasks of real Franka, and 52.38% across eight bimanual tasks of RoboTwin2.0 with an additional gain of 9.25% from cross-modal learning. We release our codes, models and data at https://github.com/HHYHRHY/MM-ACT.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Open-vocabulary change detection (OVCD) seeks to recognize arbitrary changes of interest by enabling generalization beyond a fixed set of predefined classes. We reformulate OVCD as a two-stage pipeline: first generate class-agnostic change proposals using visual foundation models (VFMs) such as SAM and DINOv2, and then perform category identification with vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP. We reveal that category identification errors are the primary bottleneck of OVCD, mainly due to the limited ability of VLMs based on image-text matching to represent fine-grained land-cover categories. To address this, we propose OpenDPR, a training-free vision-centric diffusion-guided prototype retrieval framework. OpenDPR leverages diffusion models to construct diverse prototypes for target categories offline, and to perform similarity retrieval with change proposals in the visual space during inference. The secondary bottleneck lies in change localization, due to the inherent lack of change priors in VFMs. To bridge this gap, we design a spatial-to-change weakly supervised change detection module named S2C to adapt their strong spatial modeling capabilities for change localization. Integrating the pretrained S2C into OpenDPR leads to an optional weakly supervised variant named OpenDPR-W, which further improves OVCD with minimal supervision. Experimental results on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed methods achieve state-of-the-art performance under both supervision modes. Code is available at https://github.com/guoqi2002/OpenDPR.
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cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
The emergence of large generative models has substantially advanced learning-based scene recovery in the synthetic domain. However, these models generalize poorly to real scenarios stemming from the significant distribution gap, alongside poor adaptation to complex and unforeseen degradations. Consequently, it is imperative to develop a real scene adaptation strategy that yields faithful restorations with reliable generalizability. To this end, we propose Bilevel Prompt LoRA, a novel learning paradigm designed to effectively adapt pre-trained generative models for real scene recovery. First, we introduce a self-supervised distribution-fidelity learning scheme to calibrate the autoencoding pathway under task-irrelevant real distributions to improve texture fidelity. Subsequently, a bilevel joint modeling via hyperparameter optimization is further established, empowering robust synthetic-to-real adaptation for both seen and unseen scenes by exploiting the complementary advantages between LoRA and Prompts to foster mutual promotion. Extensive evaluations on diverse real adverse scenarios demonstrate our superiority, with comprehensive algorithm analyses proving our effectiveness.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Current 3D human animation methods fail at photorealism: kinematics-based approaches lack non-rigid dynamics like clothing, while methods reconstructing from generated videos suffer from low-quality artifacts and identity loss. To overcome these limitations, we present Ani3DHuman, a framework that marries kinematics-based animation with video diffusion priors. We first introduce a layered motion representation that disentangles rigid motion and residual non-rigid motion. Then, we use a pretrained video diffusion model to restore a coarse rendering from the mesh-rigged animation, which provides supervision for the motion field. However, this restoration task, based on diffusion sampling, is highly challenging, as the initial renderings are out-of-distribution, causing standard deterministic ODE samplers to fail. Therefore, our core technical contribution is self-guided stochastic sampling, which effectively solves the out-of-distribution problem by combining stochastic sampling (for photorealistic quality) with self-guidance (for identity fidelity). These restored videos provide high-quality supervision, enabling the optimization of a realistic 4D motion field. Ani3DHuman achieves state-of-the-art results, and our ablations validate that both components of our sampler are essential for high-fidelity restoration.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Balancing performance trade-off on long-tail data distributions remains a long-standing challenge. In this paper, we posit that this dilemma stems from a phenomenon called "tail performance degradation" in continual learning (the model tends to severely overfit on head classes while quickly forgetting tail classes) and pose a solution from a loss landscape perspective. We observe that different classes possess divergent convergence points in the loss landscape. Besides, this divergence is aggravated when the model settles into sharp and non-robust minima, rather than a shared and flat solution that is beneficial for all classes. In light of this, we propose a continual learning inspired framework to prevent "tail performance degradation". To avoid inefficient per-class parameter preservation, a Grouped Knowledge Preservation module is proposed to memorize group-specific convergence parameters, promoting convergence towards a shared solution. Concurrently, our framework integrates a Grouped Sharpness Aware module to seek flatter minima by explicitly addressing the geometry of the loss landscape. Notably, our framework requires neither external training samples nor pre-trained models, facilitating the broad applicability. Extensive experiments on four benchmarks demonstrate significant performance gains over state-of-the-art methods. The code is available at: https://gkp-gsa.github.io/.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Deformable image registration (DIR) remains a fundamental yet challenging problem in medical image analysis, largely due to the prohibitively high-dimensional deformation space of dense displacement fields and the scarcity of voxel-level supervision. Existing reinforcement learning frameworks often project this space into coarse, low-dimensional representations, limiting their ability to capture spatially variant deformations. We propose MorphSeek, a fine-grained representation-level policy optimization paradigm that reformulates DIR as a spatially continuous optimization process in the latent feature space. MorphSeek introduces a stochastic Gaussian policy head atop the encoder to model a distribution over latent features, facilitating efficient exploration and coarse-to-fine refinement. The framework integrates unsupervised warm-up with weakly supervised fine-tuning through Group Relative Policy Optimization, where multi-trajectory sampling stabilizes training and improves label efficiency. Across three 3D registration benchmarks (OASIS brain MRI, LiTS liver CT, and Abdomen MR-CT), MorphSeek achieves consistent Dice improvements over competitive baselines while maintaining high label efficiency with minimal parameter cost and low step-level latency overhead. Beyond optimizer specifics, MorphSeek advances a representation-level policy learning paradigm that achieves spatially coherent and data-efficient deformation optimization, offering a principled, backbone-agnostic, and optimizer-agnostic solution for scalable visual alignment in high-dimensional settings.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
The rapid advancement of educational applications, artistic creation, and AI-generated content (AIGC) technologies has substantially increased practical requirements for comprehensive Image Aesthetics Assessment (IAA), particularly demanding methods capable of delivering both quantitative scoring and professional understanding. Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM)-based IAA methods demonstrate stronger perceptual and generalization capabilities compared to traditional approaches, yet they suffer from modality bias (score-only or text-only) and lack fine-grained attribute decomposition, thereby failing to support further aesthetic assessment. In this paper, we present: (1) ArtiMuse, an innovative MLLM-based IAA model with Joint Scoring and Expert-Level Understanding capabilities; (2) ArtiMuse-10K, the first expert-curated IAA dataset comprising 10,000 images spanning 5 main categories and 15 subcategories, each annotated by professional experts with 8-dimensional attributes analysis and a holistic score. Both the model and dataset will be made public.
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cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Retrieval-augmented diffusion models (RAG-DMs) have been increasingly deployed across applications, reflecting a broader trend of adopting retrieval-augmented pipelines in AI agent systems and the emerging OpenClaw framework. Despite the success, their trustworthiness remains underexplored. Existing backdoor attacks focus on either manipulating the generation phase or the retrieval phase under the white-box setting, which suffer from knowledge conflicts between retrieved images and user prompts. To bridge this gap, we propose a novel red-teaming approach JOB, which is the first jointly optimized backdoor attack tailored to black-box RAG-DMs. Specifically, JOB poisons the knowledge base with a small number of target class images and learns a trigger through multi-objective optimization, steering retrieval toward poisoned images and aligning the generated outputs with the target class, while preserving benign performance. Experiments show that JOB effectively attacks black-box RAG-DMs, achieving high success rates and outperforming state-of-the-art baselines.
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cs.CV · cs.AI
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Diffusion Multi-modal Large Language Models (dMLLMs) have recently emerged as a novel architecture unifying image generation and understanding. However, developing effective and efficient Test-Time Scaling (TTS) methods to unlock their full generative potential remains an underexplored challenge. To address this, we propose dMLLM-TTS, a novel framework operating on two complementary scaling axes: (1) trajectory exploration scaling to enhance the diversity of generated hypotheses, and (2) iterative refinement scaling for stable generation. Conventional TTS approaches typically perform linear search across these two dimensions, incurring substantial computational costs of O(NT) and requiring an external verifier for best-of-N selection. To overcome these limitations, we propose two innovations. First, we design an efficient hierarchical search algorithm with O(N+T) complexity that adaptively expands and prunes sampling trajectories. Second, we introduce a self-verified feedback mechanism that leverages the dMLLMs' intrinsic image understanding capabilities to assess text-image alignment, eliminating the need for external verifier. Extensive experiments on the GenEval benchmark across three representative dMLLMs (e.g., Lumina-DiMOO, MMaDA, Muddit) show that our framework substantially improves generation quality while achieving up to 6x greater efficiency than linear search.
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cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Trajectory prediction is critical for autonomous driving, enabling safe and efficient planning in dense, dynamic traffic. Most existing methods optimize prediction accuracy under fixed-length observations. However, real-world driving often yields variable-length, incomplete observations, posing a challenge to these methods. A common strategy is to directly map features from incomplete observations to those from complete ones. This one-shot mapping, however, struggles to learn accurate representations for short trajectories due to significant information gaps. To address this issue, we propose a Progressive Retrospective Framework (PRF), which gradually aligns features from incomplete observations with those from complete ones via a cascade of retrospective units. Each unit consists of a Retrospective Distillation Module (RDM) and a Retrospective Prediction Module (RPM), where RDM distills features and RPM recovers previous timesteps using the distilled features. Moreover, we propose a Rolling-Start Training Strategy (RSTS) that enhances data efficiency during PRF training. PRF is plug-and-play with existing methods. Extensive experiments on datasets Argoverse 2 and Argoverse 1 demonstrate the effectiveness of PRF. Code is available at https://github.com/zhouhao94/PRF.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Most research decoding brain signals into images, often using them as priors for generative models, has focused only on visual content. This overlooks the brain's natural ability to integrate auditory and visual information, for instance, sound strongly influences how we perceive visual scenes. To investigate this, we propose a new task of reconstructing continuous video stimuli from multimodal brain signals recorded during audiovisual stimulation. To enable this, we introduce CineBrain, the first large-scale dataset that synchronizes fMRI and EEG during audiovisual viewing, featuring six hours of The Big Bang Theory episodes for cross-modal alignment. We also conduct the first systematic exploration of combining fMRI and EEG for video reconstruction and present CineSync, a framework for reconstructing dynamic video using a Multi-Modal Fusion Encoder and a Neural Latent Decoder. CineSync achieves state-of-the-art performance in dynamic reconstruction, leveraging the complementary strengths of fMRI and EEG to improve visual fidelity. Our analysis shows that auditory cortical activations enhance decoding accuracy, highlighting the role of auditory input in visual perception. Project Page: https://jianxgao.github.io/CineBrain.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Multimodal Web Search Agents demonstrate a practically valuable capability by fusing information from diverse modalities (e.g., text and vision), retrieved iteratively from the internet, to address complex user queries. However, the visual modality is prone to information overload, and the noise contained within it--such as irrelevant background details or complex structures--can disrupt the model's attention, misdirecting its operational focus toward an erroneous path. To address the aforementioned challenge, we propose ReFAct (Reasoning, Focusing, and Acting), a novel framework that empowers the agent to actively manage its cross-modal context. This allows the agent to adjust its operational focus, thereby mitigating the impact of noise on multimodal Web Search Agents. Specifically, ReFAct employs a Grounding tool for active visual perception to dynamically filter information. We also design external memory-based Defocus/Refocus operations for selective information retention, further modulating information density within the multimodal context. Ultimately, this ensures the agent maintains focus during problem-solving. To evaluate and enhance agent capabilities in complex and noisy multimodal contexts, we first propose a pipeline for constructing datasets with flexible complexity. We introduce a new open-source benchmark: GroundedVQA. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method on GroundedVQA and other widely-used benchmarks.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Generating high-fidelity audio that is both semantically meaningful and temporally synchronized with silent videos remains a challenging problem in video-to-audio generation. Existing approaches often fail to capture fine-grained temporal correspondence between visual events and audio dynamics, leading to unrealistic or desynchronized outputs. To address these limitations, we propose VisioSonic, a Video-Aligned Sound generation framework that unifies flow-matching diffusion and preference-guided alignment. VisioSonic introduces a multimodal conditioning module that jointly leverages video frames and textual cues to provide semantic and frame-level temporal guidance. A co-attention diffusion transformer efficiently fuses visual and audio representations, enabling content-aware sound synthesis with minimal computation costs. To further enhance alignment beyond supervised training, we introduce Semantic-Temporal Alignment Ranked Direct Preference Optimization (STAR-DPO), a novel preference-learning paradigm that automatically generates audio candidates, ranks them based on both semantic and temporal alignment, and subsequently fine-tunes the diffusion model using the derived preference pairs. Extensive experiments on various benchmarks demonstrate that VisioSonic achieves state-of-the-art audio-video synchronization and audio fidelity while using the fewest trainable parameters among competing approaches. Project page: https://kaiw7.github.io/VisioSonic/
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Multimodal biomedical Vision-Language Models (VLMs) exhibit immense potential in the field of Continual Learning (CL). However, they confront a core dilemma: how to preserve fine-grained intra-modality features while bridging the significant domain gap across different modalities. To address this challenge, we propose a comprehensive framework. Leveraging our 18-million multimodal and comprehensive medical retrieval database derived from PubMed scientific papers, we pioneer the integration of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) into CL. Specifically, we employ a multi-modal, multi-layer RAG system that provides real-time guidance for model fine-tuning through dynamic, on-demand knowledge retrieval. Building upon this, we introduce a dynamic knowledge distillation framework. This framework precisely resolves the aforementioned core dilemma by dynamically modulating the importance of the parameter space, the granularity of the distilled knowledge, and the data distribution of the reference dataset in accordance with the required level of detail. To thoroughly validate the clinical value of our strategy, we have designed a more rigorous Medical Generalist Task Incremental Learning (MGTIL) benchmark. This benchmark is engineered to simultaneously evaluate the model's capacity for adaptation to significant domain shifts, retention of subtle intra-domain features, and real-time learning of novel and complex medical tasks. Our method achieves stable SOTA results across all metrics, with https://github.com/CZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ/PRIMED code available.
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cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Diffusion models have recently advanced video restoration, but applying them to real-world and AIGC-generated video super-resolution (VSR) remains challenging due to high latency, prohibitive computation, and poor generalization to ultra-high resolutions. Our goal in this work is to make diffusion-based VSR practical by achieving efficiency, scalability, and near real-time performance. To this end, we propose FlashVSR, the first diffusion-based one-step streaming framework for efficient video super-resolution. FlashVSR runs at 17 FPS for 768x1408 videos on a single A100 GPU by combining three complementary innovations: (i) a train-friendly three-stage distillation pipeline that enables streaming super-resolution, (ii) locality-constrained sparse attention that reduces redundant computation while bridging the train--test resolution gap, and (iii) a tiny conditional decoder that accelerates reconstruction without sacrificing quality. To support large-scale training, we also construct VSR-120K, a new dataset containing 120 K videos and 180 K images. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FlashVSR scales reliably to ultra-high resolutions and achieves state-of-the-art performance with up to 12x speed-up over prior one-step diffusion-based VSR models. We will release the code, pretrained models, and dataset to foster future research in efficient diffusion-based video super-resolution.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Human-product images, which showcase the integration of humans and products, play a vital role in advertising, e-commerce, and digital marketing. The essential challenge of generating such images lies in ensuring the high-fidelity preservation of product details. Among existing paradigms, reference-based inpainting offers a targeted solution by leveraging product reference images to guide the inpainting process. However, limitations remain in three key aspects: the lack of diverse large-scale training data, the struggle of current models to focus on product detail preservation, and the inability of coarse supervision for achieving precise guidance. To address these issues, we propose HiFi-Inpaint, a novel high-fidelity reference-based inpainting framework tailored for generating human-product images. HiFi-Inpaint introduces Shared Enhancement Attention (SEA) to refine fine-grained product features and Detail-Aware Loss (DAL) to enforce precise pixel-level supervision using high-frequency maps. Additionally, we construct a new dataset, HP-Image-40K, with samples curated from self-synthesis data and processed with automatic filtering. Experimental results show that HiFi-Inpaint achieves state-of-the-art performance, delivering detail-preserving human-product images.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Vision Transformers (ViTs) achieve state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of vision tasks, yet they remain highly vulnerable to adversarial perturbations due to the lack of explicit region-level semantic modeling. Adversarial perturbations are typically local and spatially structured, whereas the globally coupled self-attention and spatially uniform feed-forward networks in ViTs propagate local corruptions across the whole image without enforcing consistency within semantically coherent regions. To mitigate this mismatch, we propose Region-aware Mixture-of-Experts, namely "ReMoE", a plug-and-play module that replaces the standard feed-forward network (FFN) with a region-aware expert layer. Specifically, our ReMoE strategically introduces multi-granularity experts (i.e., global, center, and regional) and couples them with an attention-guided routing mechanism that operates on patch-to-region (P2R) and region-to-patch (R2P) transformations. This mechanism adaptively activates the most relevant experts for each spatial location according to its attention profile, enabling the model to capture region-level semantics and local context while preserving global consistency, thereby providing a stronger inductive bias for adversarially robust ViT representations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our ReMoE substantially improves the adversarial robustness of ViTs with only marginal additional computational cost. Our code is available at https://github.com/zhongskr0114/ReMoE.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Accurate 3D scene description is fundamental to robotic navigation and augmented reality, yet current dense captioning methods face significant limitations in processing sparse point cloud data.Existing approaches that apply Euclidean embedding spaces struggle to simultaneously preserve fine-grained local geometric details and model exponentially growing global semantic hierarchies, leading to either inaccurate localization or disjointed, shallow scene descriptions.In this work, we propose a novel Curvature-Aware Captioning framework, integrating novel non-Euclidean geodesic attention mechanisms, to resolve the localization-contextualization conflict. Specifically, self-attention within Oblique space enforces dimensional homogeneity while establishing long-range dependencies. Bidirectional geodesic cross-attention within Lorentz space models hierarchical semantic relationships across scene instances, enabling simultaneous precision in object localization and coherence in scene descriptions.Theoretical analysis confirms that the curvature complementarity between the Oblique manifold and Lorentz hyperboloid resolves the Euclidean-hyperbolic conflict, ensuring feature stability via isotropic optimization while preserving inherent hierarchical relationships.Extensive experiments on ScanRefer and Nr3D benchmarks demonstrate state-of-the-art performance, with significant gains in both localization accuracy and descriptive richness.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Autoregressive models for 3D mesh generation suffer from a fundamental limitation: they flatten meshes into long vertex-coordinate sequences. This results in prohibitive computational costs, hindering the efficient synthesis of high-fidelity geometry. We argue this bottleneck stems from operating at the wrong semantic level. We introduce FACE, a novel Autoregressive Autoencoder (ARAE) framework that reconceptualizes the task by generating meshes at the face level. Our one-face-one-token strategy treats each triangle face, the fundamental building block of a mesh, as a single, unified token. This simple yet powerful design reduces the sequence length by a factor of nine, leading to an unprecedented compression ratio of 0.11, halving the previous state-of-the-art. This dramatic efficiency gain does not compromise quality; by pairing our face-level decoder with a powerful VecSet encoder, FACE achieves state-of-the-art reconstruction quality on standard benchmarks. The versatility of the learned latent space is further demonstrated by training a latent diffusion model that achieves high-fidelity, single-image-to-mesh generation. FACE provides a simple, scalable, and powerful paradigm that lowers the barrier to high-quality structured 3D content creation.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Vision-Language-Action models have emerged as essential generalist robot policies for diverse manipulation tasks, conventionally relying on directly translating multimodal inputs into actions via Vision-Language Model embeddings. Recent advancements have introduced explicit intermediary reasoning--such as sub-task prediction (language) or goal image synthesis (vision)--to guide action generation. However, these intermediate reasoning are often indirect and inherently limited in their capacity to convey the full, granular information required for precise action execution. Instead, we posit that the most effective form of reasoning is one that deliberates directly in the action space. We introduce Action Chain-of-Thought (ACoT), a paradigm where the reasoning process itself is formulated as a structured sequence of coarse action intents that guide the final policy. In this paper, we propose ACoT-VLA, a novel architecture that materializes the ACoT paradigm. Specifically, we introduce two complementary components: an Explicit Action Reasoner (EAR) and Implicit Action Reasoner (IAR). The former proposes coarse reference trajectories as explicit action-level reasoning steps, while the latter extracts latent action priors from internal representations of multimodal input, co-forming an ACoT that conditions the downstream action head to enable grounded policy learning. Extensive experiments in real-world and simulation environments demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method. Code is available at: https://github.com/AgibotTech/ACoT-VLA.
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cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Whole-Slide Images (WSIs) are widely used for estimating the prognosis of cancer patients. Current studies generally follow a cancer-specific learning paradigm. However, the available training samples for one cancer type are usually scarce in pathology. Consequently, the model often struggles to learn generalizable knowledge, thus performing worse on the tumor samples with inherent high heterogeneity. Although multi-cancer joint learning and knowledge transfer approaches have been explored recently to address it, they either rely on large-scale joint training or extensive inference across multiple models, posing new challenges in computational efficiency. To this end, this paper proposes a new scheme, Sparse Task Vector Mixup with Hypernetworks (STEPH). Unlike previous ones, it efficiently absorbs generalizable knowledge from other cancers for the target via model merging: i) applying task vector mixup to each source-target pair and then ii) sparsely aggregating task vector mixtures to obtain an improved target model, driven by hypernetworks. Extensive experiments on 13 cancer datasets show that STEPH improves over cancer-specific learning and an existing knowledge transfer baseline by 5.14% and 2.01%, respectively. Moreover, it is a more efficient solution for learning prognostic knowledge from other cancers, without requiring large-scale joint training or extensive multi-model inference.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) incur high computational costs due to their reliance on hundreds of visual tokens to represent images. While token pruning offers a promising solution for accelerating inference, this paper, however, identifies a key observation: in deeper layers (e.g., beyond the 20th), existing training-free pruning methods perform no better than random pruning. We hypothesize that this degradation is caused by "vanishing token information", where visual tokens progressively lose their salience with increasing network depth. To validate this hypothesis, we quantify a token's information content by measuring the change in the model output probabilities upon its removal. Using this proposed metric, our analysis of the information of visual tokens across layers reveals three key findings: (1) As layers deepen, the information of visual tokens gradually becomes uniform and eventually vanishes at an intermediate layer, which we term as "information horizon", beyond which the visual tokens become redundant;(2) The position of this horizon is not static; it extends deeper for visually intensive tasks, such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR), compared to more general tasks like Visual Question Answering (VQA);(3) This horizon is also strongly correlated with model capacity, as stronger VLLMs (e.g., Qwen2.5-VL) employ deeper visual tokens than weaker models (e.g., LLaVA-1.5).Based on our findings, we show that simple random pruning in deep layers efficiently balances performance and efficiency. Moreover, integrating random pruning consistently enhances existing methods. Using DivPrune with random pruning achieves state-of-the-art results, maintaining 96.9% of Qwen-2.5-VL-7B performance while pruning 50% of visual tokens. The code is available at https://github.com/YahongWang1/Information-Horizon.
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cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Style-conditioned scene text generation faces unique challenges in extracting precise text styles from complex backgrounds and maintaining fine-grained style consistency across characters, especially for multilingual scripts. We propose StyleTextGen, a novel framework that learns to perceive and replicate visual text styles across different languages and writing systems. Our approach features three key contributions: First, we introduce a dual-branch style encoder dedicated to style modeling, yielding robust multilingual text style representations in complex real-world scenes. Second, we design a text style consistency loss that enhances style coherence and improves overall visual quality. Third, we develop a mask-guided inference strategy that ensures precise style alignment between generated and reference text. To facilitate systematic evaluation, we construct StyleText-CE, a bilingual scene text style benchmark covering both monolingual and cross-lingual settings. Extensive experiments demonstrate that StyleTextGen significantly outperforms existing methods in style consistency and cross-lingual generalization, establishing new state-of-the-art performance in multilingual style-conditioned text generation.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires an agent to ground language instructions to its own movement within a visual environment. While state-of-the-art methods leverage the reasoning capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for end-to-end action prediction, they often lack an explicit and explainable understanding of the relationships between the agent, the instruction, and the scene. Conversely, explicitly building a scene map for heuristic planning is intuitively appealing but relies on additional 3D sensors and hinders large-scale vision-language pre-training. To bridge this gap, we propose AwareVLN, a novel framework that equips the navigation model with a self-aware reasoning mechanism, enabling it to understand the agent's state and task progress in a fully end-to-end and data-driven manner. Our approach features two key innovations: (1) a structural reasoning module that fosters spatial and task-oriented self-awareness, and (2) an automatic data engine with progress division for effective training. Extensive experiments on various datasets in Habitat simulator show our AwareVLN significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art vision-language navigation methods. Project page: https://gwxuan.github.io/AwareVLN/.
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cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Person De-Reidentification (De-ReID) is an emerging and safety-critical task that aims to selectively forget specific individuals in surveillance systems while preserving the recognition capability for others. Existing methods typically learn both forgetting and retaining objectives within a unified feature space, which leads to conflicting optimization goals and may cause unexpected performance degradation on novel or retained identities. We provide a new perspective to handle De-ReID through feature space decoupling. Although it is a promising solution, discriminating which feature space should be used for the given novel query remain unsolved. To alleviate these challenges, we propose SANER, advancing De-ReID with a Switchable Adapter (SA) and a test-time Non-parametric Enhanced Routing (NER) algorithm. SA decouples the pre-trained feature space into two task-specific subspaces with a forgetting adapter and a retaining adapter. The former suppresses identity-specific semantics for de-identification, while the latter preserves discriminative cues for accurate re-ID. In addition, SA is further enhanced with NER to adaptively analyze optimal feature space routing for the given query at test-time by comparing the query with pre-computed prototypes in the original feature space. Extensive experiments on multiple De-ReID benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of SANER, achieving new state-of-the-art De-ReID performance.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Medical image segmentation is vital for clinical diagnosis and quantitative analysis, yet remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of imaging modalities and the high cost of pixel-level annotations. Although general interactive segmentation models like SAM have achieved remarkable progress, their transfer to medical imaging still faces two key bottlenecks: (i) the lack of adaptive mechanisms for modality- and anatomy-specific tasks, which limits generalization in out-of-distribution medical scenarios; and (ii) current medical adaptation methods fine-tune on large, heterogeneous datasets without selection, leading to noisy supervision, higher cost, and negative transfer. To address these issues, we propose SegMoTE, an efficient and adaptive framework for medical image segmentation. SegMoTE preserves SAM's original prompt interface, efficient inference, and zero-shot generalization while introducing only a small number of learnable parameters to dynamically adapt across modalities and tasks. In addition, we design a progressive prompt tokenization mechanism that enables fully automatic segmentation, significantly reducing annotation dependence. Trained on MedSeg-HQ, a curated dataset less than 1% of existing large-scale datasets, SegMoTE achieves SOTA performance across diverse imaging modalities and anatomical tasks. It represents the first efficient, robust, and scalable adaptation of general segmentation models to the medical domain under extremely low annotation cost, advancing the practical deployment of foundation vision models in clinical applications.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表