DARE: Aligning LLM Agents with the R Statistical Ecosystem via Distribution-Aware Retrieval
Maojun Sun, Yue Wu, Yifei Xie, Ruijian Han, Binyan Jiang, Defeng Sun, Yancheng Yuan, Jian Huang
Large Language Model (LLM) agents excel at automating data science workflows, yet often underutilize rigorous statistical methods in R. Existing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) approaches rely on semantic similarity, ignoring the data-distribution and structural characteristics crucial for determining a statistical method's applicability. To address this, we propose DARE (Distribution-Aware Retrieval Embedding), a representation learning framework incorporating these data characteristics into R function retrieval. Our contributions are fourfold: (i) RPKB, a curated knowledge base of 8,191 high-quality R functions; (ii) DARE, the distribution-aware retrieval framework; (iii) RCodingAgent, an R-oriented agent integrating DARE for end-to-end analysis; and (iv) RStatBench, a comprehensive benchmark of 100 statistical tasks. Experiments demonstrate that DARE improves NDCG@10 by 13.43 to 32.65 percentage points across evaluated embedding models, with a MiniLM-based DARE achieving 93.92% NDCG@10 alongside high efficiency. Furthermore, integrating DARE into RCodingAgent nearly doubles mean downstream accuracy on RStatBench, increasing from 31.8% to 62.2% across ten LLMs. This work helps bridge modern LLM automation with R's established statistical computing ecosystem.
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