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原文摘要

We study budgeted capacity augmentation for single-source single-sink \NFOTs under constant inflow $u_0$. The goal is to increase capacities on arcs subject to a global budget constraint in order to minimize the steady-state travel time in the network. We show that this problem is weakly NP-hard on series-parallel networks and provide an exact pseudopolynomial algorithm as well as a fully polynomial algorithm that attains the optimum travel time for budget $B$ while spending at most $B + \varepsilon\cdot\max\{B,u_0\}$. On general networks the problem becomes strongly NP-hard. Moreover, unless $\text{P} = \text{NP}$, for every fixed $\varepsilon \in (0,1)$, no polynomial-time algorithm can achieve the optimal steady-state travel time while exceeding the budget by at most a factor of $n^{1-\varepsilon}$. Lastly, we give structural properties about steady-state travel time under varying arc capacities. We identify capacity thresholds determined by subsets of $s$-$t$-cuts and show that the travel time is constant in the interior of the cells resulting from the corresponding hyperplane arrangement.