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原文摘要

A refuted 2026 claim of an efficient quantum algorithm for the Dihedral Coset Problem (DCP) motivates this survey of the consequences of a genuine breakthrough. We distinguish a noiseless cyclic coset-state solver, a solver with a prescribed failure exponent, and an extrapolated-state solver. Regev's rare-corruption observation already makes the first hypothesis sufficient for lattice algorithms at some polynomial approximation factors; the witnessing algorithm determines the quantitative bounds. We compose unstructured reductions with explicit sample, state-preparation and success conditions, and compare their sufficient guarantees with more than thirty lattice and non-lattice assumptions. We restate the structured state conversion of Wen and Zheng and audit its forward parameter certificate; the printed bound supplies no certificate at the ML-KEM ring and modulus. We use an explicit affine embedding for heuristic gap estimates, explain the lossiness connection from decision NTRU to search Ring-LWE, and distinguish ordinary from module uniqueness. Chen's withdrawn 2024 quantum algorithm for LWE and a proposed repair of its post-processing would, if correct, reach only a many-sample, small-noise LWE regime that the failure-exponent hypothesis already covers for exponents below $1/2$, and no deployed parameter set. Tables separate rigorous consequences, heuristic comparisons and unverified applications, and distinguish solving a proof assumption from attacking a scheme. Classical structural attacks on Classic McEliece, which do not involve DCP but put the concrete security of the scheme under revision, are summarised here and analysed in detail in a companion paper. The survey closes with open questions and a scenario-planning checklist that requires a complete efficient reduction.