Kejian Zhu, Zhuoran Jin, Shangqing Tu, Tianyi Men, Yupu Hao, Jiachun Li, Kang Liu, Jun Zhao
While multi-turn agentic reinforcement learning (RL) excels on long-horizon tasks, its performance gains remain highly sensitive to interaction constraints. Evaluating across sampling breadth $K$ and interaction depth $T$ via $Pass@(K,T)$, we show that trajectory-level RL advantages depend on sufficient turn budgets, diminishing significantly when budgets tighten. Besides, agentic RL does not uniformly elevate single-step decision quality; rather, its strength concentrates in error recovery and long-horizon resilience. To mitigate the deployment risks caused by this budget dependence, we provide a preliminary discussion on the benefits and limitations of process supervision signals and introduce BudgetMix RL as an alternative that varies interaction budgets during training. Experiments demonstrate that BudgetMix RL achieves robust performance across diverse execution settings. Project Page: https://rethinking-agentic-rl.github.io/
Zekun Li Tsinghua University, Jifan Yu, Haoxuan Li Tsinghua University, Ye He, Daniel Zhang-Li, Shangqing Tu, Joy Jia Yin Lim, Yikun Jiang 等 10 位作者
Accurate assessment of critical thinking is historically limited by the Intention Behavior Gap in psychology: the disconnect between what individuals self-reported disposition and their actual practical behaviors. We try to bridge this gap with MASA (Multi-Agent Scenario-based Assessment), a framework that operationalizes cognitive assessment into an interpretable and interactive multi-agent workflow with Assessment Chain-of-Thought (AsCoT). Validating on both large-scale simulations (N=1,161) and human participants (N=70), we find that MASA aligns better with human expert ratings (r=0.882) than traditional gold-standard inventories (r=0.720), with an average cost of only 0.41 per participant. These results suggest that by shifting from self-report inventory to behavior-grounded dialogue, MASA offers a more accurate, cost-effective, and transparent solution for real-world cognitive evaluation.
尚无 AI 解读，展示原文摘要
cs.CL · cs.MA
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Daniel Zhang-Li, Joy Jia Yin Lim, Binglin Liu, Shangqing Tu, Zijun Yao, Hao Peng Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Jifan Yu, Haoxuan Li Tsinghua University 等 19 位作者
Project-Based Learning (PBL) is an important learning method that promotes understanding and acquiring practical skills through training learners through a project. However, effective PBL often requires sustained orchestration and collaboration, but existing LLM-based learning tools provide partial assistance without explicitly modeling these roles, and overly comprehensive help provided by LLM can reduce learner autonomy. We propose SimPBL, a multi-agent framework with an orchestrator agent that provides adaptive scaffolding from interaction logs and collaborator agents that support project work through boundary-aware collaboration. We conduct comprehensive evaluation to study the effectiveness of SimPBL, where we observe a 14% improvement in learner examination score. Results from extensive studies further highlights the ability of SimPBL to manage learning behavior and improve learning experience. Code and materials are available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/SimPBL-D5B8.
尚无 AI 解读，展示原文摘要
cs.CL · cs.MA
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表