Data-driven pre-fault dynamic security assessment (DSA) rapidly evaluates the dynamic risk of credible contingencies on a power system using machine learning (ML). Existing approaches face two limitations. First, they require a large labelled database for training, with a separate model trained, tuned, and maintained for each contingency in a potentially long list of credible contingencies. Second, the trained models generalize poorly to unseen contingencies. This work addresses these limitations by using a tabular foundation model (TFM) that assesses stability through in-context learning, and requires no retraining or hyperparameter optimization. We use a single TFM to assess many contingencies at once, removing the need to train one classifier per contingency. We also characterize when using electrical distance coordinates (EDC) as continuous features enables the TFM to generalize to unseen contingencies and when it does not, showing how a few labelled samples can reliably improve generalization. Through comprehensive case studies on the IEEE 68-bus system, we show that a single TFM attains an average Macro F1 score of about 90\% with only 120 labelled samples per contingency, outperforming both classical ML and deep learning baselines, without any model retraining or hyperparameter tuning. For held-out contingencies, we show that using just 10 labelled samples of the new contingency with a modified EDC encoding matches the balanced accuracy of the best achievable transfer learning oracle model, which requires fully labelled data and is not deployable in practice. Overall, this initial study paves the way for developing and deploying foundation models for power system operations, with possible applications across multiple operational tasks.
Smartphone indoor localization requires low-cost, robust positioning across scene transitions and phone-use variations. Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) enables infrastructure-free deployment but accumulates errors from heading drift, structural transitions, and carrying-mode changes. Existing methods often treat contextual cues as a single event stream or local correction signal, limiting their ability to address distinct localization errors. This paper presents a framework enhanced by hierarchical multi-sensor context recognition. A jointly data- and model-driven recognition model predicts environment, scene, and activity probabilities, which are converted into scene-event and action-context segments. Scene-event segments guide scene-constrained PDR correction through corridor heading constraints, landmark attraction, fixed-lag backtracking, and vertical-transition handling. Action-context segments drive action-aware RoNIN-based position compensation for carrying-mode-dependent drift. Experiments on cross-floor and multi-action trajectories against LiDAR-SLAM references show that the proposed framework outperforms PDR and representative learned inertial odometry baselines, demonstrating that hierarchical semantics provide reliable, localization-specific correction cues.
Proof autoformalization aims to translate a mathematical informal proof in natural language into a formal proof in a formal language such as Lean 4. Existing LLM-based models for proof autoformalization are typically evaluated only on well-formed informal proofs from curated datasets. We argue that a robust proof autoformalizer must remain faithful even for informal proofs that diverge from these idealized ones, and we present the first study on the robustness of proof autoformalization models. We formulate two categories of perturbations: a global perturbation paraphrases the informal theorem-proof pair in a different style, under which the formalization should remain consistent; a local perturbation alters a value, symbol, or proof step, possibly in a counterfactual way, and a robust formalization should faithfully reflect the perturbation rather than reverting to the original or inferring a different one on its own. We build a benchmark with both perturbations on miniF2F and MATH-500, and automatically measure how stable a proof autoformalization's correctness is under global perturbations and how faithfully its output reflects local perturbations. We evaluate seven recent models: their correctness varies under global perturbations, and they mostly fail to remain faithful under local perturbations.
Yanlun Tu, Huacan Wang, Jin Xie, Ziyue Zhou, Jie Zhou, Ningyan Zhu, Ge Chen, Wangyi Chen 等 14 位作者
In industrial practice, AI-generated programmable logic controller (PLC) code must integrate with existing projects and implement the required behavior across scan cycles. Compilation alone does not establish runtime behavior, and subsequent edits can invalidate earlier verification results. We present SemaPLC, a project-grounded, verification-gated agent harness for PLC code generation. The harness combines project context and reusable PLC skills with specification review, compilation, and live-runtime validation. Its completion gate requires recorded checks to meet acceptance criteria for the current implementation. Edits invalidate previous verdicts, and failed checks guide bounded repair. We evaluate SemaPLC on 117 independent-POU tasks and 65 project-context tasks across seven language-model backbones. SemaPLC outperforms the evaluated baselines on both metrics for every backbone. Its mean verified-pass rate and dynamic score reach 72.6% and 52.2, exceeding the strongest baseline means by 8.7% points and 20.8 points, respectively. Verification-layer and failure analyses reveal how build recovery and output observability affect end-to-end results and identify behavioral errors that remain after compilation. We apply the harness in KUKA's iiQworks product environment for PLC development and discuss engineering lessons for its industrial integration and deployment. The industrial use indicates the agent assistance substantially improves PLC development efficiency by 45%.
Zhen Dong, Haiping Wang, Wei Tu, Yuan Liu, Bing Wang, Xuan Sun, Jinzhou Cao, Ronald Clark 等 17 位作者
Cities must coordinate domains like infrastructure, mobility, environmental management, emergency response, and public services as conditions evolve. An urban Spatio-Temporal Intelligence (STI) system helps the city monitor citywide states, analyze problems, plan and execute interventions, and adapt through feedback, making urban governance more timely, effective, and transparent. Recent urban twinning and agentic AI techniques provide foundations for such systems. From a twin-agent perspective, this survey takes a system-level view of how these disparate techniques can be coherently integrated into an urban STI system. Specifically, we review how the twin reconstructs and represents a persistent, information-enriched urban environment, and how the agent understands the twin via interfaces, reasons over it, acts reliably, and continuously evolves with the city. Built upon this synthesis, we summarize a two-loop blueprint, where an inner agent loop for grounding, reasoning, and verification, and an outer system loop linking data, twin, agentic action, feedback, and update. We then use this to structure an STI research agenda and show how a shared prototype supports diverse urban domains.
Xinyu Zhang Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yuchen Wan, Boxuan Zhang, Zesheng Yang, Lingling Zhang Xi'an Jiaotong University, Bifan Wei Xi'an Jiaotong University, Jun Liu Xi'an Jiaotong University
Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with structural ambiguity in optimization problems, where a single problem admits multiple related but conflicting modeling paradigms, hindering effective solution generation. To address this, we propose Dual-Cluster Memory Agent (DCM-Agent) to enhance performance by leveraging historical solutions in a training-free manner. Central to this is Dual-Cluster Memory Construction. This agent assigns historical solutions to modeling and coding clusters, then distills each cluster’s content into three structured types: Approach, Checklist, and Pitfall. This process derives generalizable guidance knowledge. Furthermore, this agent introduces Memory-augmented Inference to dynamically navigate solution paths, detect and repair errors, and adaptively switch reasoning paths with structured knowledge. The experiments across seven optimization benchmarks demonstrate that DCM-Agent achieves an average performance improvement of 11%- 21%. Notably, our analysis reveals a “knowledge inheritance” phenomenon: memory constructed by larger models can guide smaller models toward superior performance, highlighting the framework’s scalability and efficiency.
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Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表