Bidirectional Modeling of mmWave Human Signals for Enhancement & Synthesis
Shuntian Zheng, Hoang Hai Pham, Jiaqi Li, Xiaoman Lu, Shuai He, Yu Guan
原文摘要
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) is attractive for human-centered robotics in smoke, darkness, and privacy-sensitive indoor spaces: it measures reflections rather than visually identifiable imagery and remains usable without light. Deployed systems, however, face two complementary needs that run in opposite directions. Enhancement starts from a raw range-angle-Doppler (RAD) heatmap, where human returns coexist with nonhuman structure, and aims to isolate the human signal by removing nonhuman returns, yielding a clean RAD input for downstream perception. Synthesis starts from denser human geometry and aims to synthesize natural RAD observations, including environmental and hardware features, thereby expanding scarce supervision data. Although the two tasks reverse direction, both require modeling how human and nonhuman reflections coexist in the same measurement. Among RAD axes, Doppler provides motion information native to the modality, with the potential to support this modeling. We therefore cast both tasks on the dual-domain RAD heatmap and propose HeatWave, which injects Doppler when it is locally reliable, and routes Doppler asymmetrically for enhancement and synthesis within one shared backbone. This design improves both tasks: enhanced observations reduce mean per-joint position error by 11.4% relative to the raw recording, and synthesized samples that replace half of the real radar labels recover most of the activity accuracy lost to the reduced budget. Relative to an unspecialized dual-task heatmap baseline, the enhancement improves motion-critical samples under metallic clutter by 2.3times more than when geometry already suffices, and synthesis follows the same ordering with a narrower spread, providing the community with a research direction more closely aligned with the signal's characteristics.
cs.HC