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原文摘要

Indexes can significantly improve search performance in databases. However, if the query workload changes frequently or new data updates occur continuously, it may not be worthwhile to build a conventional index upfront for query processing. Building a conventional fine-grained index, like B+-tree on the entire dataset can be very expensive since it may involve processing terabytes to petabytes of data. Moreover, with a traditional indexing, data ingestion tends to slow down in case of heavy updates as the index also needs to be updated. In these cases, adaptive indexing is a viable solution instead of traditional indexing. Adaptive indexing is a technique in which an index gets built on the fly as a byproduct of query processing. In recent years, research has taken on a new direction where machine learning models are employed for the purpose of indexing. These indexes, known as learned indexes, are more efficient compared to traditional indexes in terms of memory footprints and query performance. To the best of our knowledge, no learned indexes exist yet for adaptive indexing. We propose a novel learned approach, called FLAIRS, for adaptive indexing. It is built on the fly as queries are submitted. We also introduce an updatable learned index TULSI that is utilized by FLAIRS for indexing data. FLAIRS can employ a query workload prediction technique that makes future workload projection based on past workload data. We have evaluated FLAIRS against existing adaptive indexes for various query workloads. Our results show that our approach performs better than others in most cases, offering significant improvement in query performance.