Large language model (LLM) agents can autonomously run neuroimaging analyses from research questions to reported findings. Existing agentic systems use tools to check that code runs and reported values match its output, but rely on LLM judgment to decide which results warrant scientific reporting. We show that LLM judges endorse site-confounded findings even when the confound is presented as evidence. We present \textbf{CONFIRM}, a framework that separates running an analysis from deciding which findings to report. CONFIRM encodes each hypothesis as a machine-readable, pre-specified analysis plan that fixes the claim and its pass criteria before computing results. It then filters results through five deterministic gates (search history and multiplicity, confounds, power, analytic stability, and replication) under three configurable reporting standards, from least to most demanding: \textit{Screen}, \textit{Replicate}, and \textit{Full}. Failed claims receive diagnoses that guide follow-up analyses. To evaluate reporting decisions at the claim level, we introduce \textbf{NeuroClaimBench}, comprising 489 executable neuroimaging claims with frozen data, including literature-supported findings and 150 controls designed to violate individual methodological requirements. On NeuroClaimBench, CONFIRM falsely supports at most 3\% of controls, compared with 23--38\% for the baselines, while recovering up to 61\% of literature-supported claims. When auditing an existing agent, CONFIRM reduces false support on controls from 23\% to 0\% while retaining the agent's literature-supported claims. Its diagnostic feedback also produces more supported revisions than Self-Refine with fewer LLM calls. Together, CONFIRM and NeuroClaimBench show that basing reporting decisions on pre-specified analysis plans and deterministic gates is essential for trustworthy autonomous scientific discovery.
Robust subspace estimation is fundamental to many machine learning and data analysis tasks. Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS) is an elegant and empirically effective approach to this problem, yet its theoretical properties remain poorly understood. This paper establishes that, under deterministic conditions, a variant of IRLS with dynamic smoothing regularization converges linearly to the underlying subspace from any initialization. We extend these guarantees to affine subspace estimation, a setting that lacks prior recovery theory. Additionally, we illustrate the practical benefits of IRLS through an application to low-dimensional neural network training. Our results provide the first global convergence guarantees for IRLS in robust subspace recovery and, more broadly, for nonconvex IRLS on a Riemannian manifold.
Kai Tan, Lin Zhang, Ruiteng Zhang, Johan Rohdin, Leibny Paola García-Perera, Zexin Cai, Sanjeev Khudanpur, Matthew Wiesner 等 9 位作者
Spoofing-robust automatic speaker verification (SASV) aims to integrate automatic speaker verification (ASV) and countermeasure (CM). A popular solution is fusion of independent ASV and CM scores. To better modeling SASV, some frameworks integrate ASV and CM within a single network. However, these solutions are typically bi-encoder based, offer limited interpretability, and cannot be readily adapted to new evaluation parameters without retraining. Based on this, we propose a unified end-to-end framework via a three-class formulation that enables log-likelihood ratio (LLR) inference from class logits for a more interpretable decision pipeline. Experiments show comparable performance to existing methods on ASVSpoof5 and better results on SpoofCeleb. The visualization and analysis also prove that the three-class reformulation provides more interpretability.
Junjie Zhang, Deteng Zhang, Zhisong Xu, Bo Sun, Liuyang Li, Yihong Tian, Jie Yin
Robot demonstration learning requires accurate and temporally complete end-effector localization during close-range manipulation and camera occlusion. Existing SLAM benchmarks emphasize navigation motions, whereas manipulation datasets prioritize policy learning over localization evaluation. We introduce MILD, a Manipulation-Interface Localization Dataset with real-world and simulation sequences. The real-world subset provides 86 sensor sequences from Insta360 X5 and Insight9 across 15 repeated tabletop tasks, calibration assets, and a per-execution robot end-effector reference trajectory. The simulation subset, MILD-Sim, extends task coverage in Isaac Sim for controlled manipulation-replay studies. Benchmarking visual-inertial and fiducial-aided systems on instrumented real-world recordings reveals large differences in both TCP-relative trajectory error and temporal coverage, even under the same nominal task. To support marker-augmented teaching workspaces without a pre-surveyed fiducial map, we present AprilVINS, which combines fisheye visual-inertial estimation with sequence-local AprilTag geometry and separates prior admission from guarded export of the jointly optimized state. On Insta360 AprilTag4 recordings, AprilVINS(full) under a unified protocol with sequence-specific profiles reaches millimeter-level SE(3)-aligned TCP-relative APE RMSE with high time completion and lower reported error than the tested routes under their respective protocols, whereas fisheye VIO without tag factors remains at centimeter scale. Ablations separate accuracy from exportability, and a MILD-Sim replay study provides task-specific tolerance references for interpreting those error magnitudes. Together, MILD and AprilVINS provide a diagnostic benchmarking framework for UMI-style demonstration collection. Code, datasets, and evaluation manifests will be released upon acceptance.