Frontier language models such as GPT 6 Astra have contributed to research mathematics, demonstrating substantial reasoning capabilities. Yet serious reasoning failures persist even in tasks governed by explicit rules. We demonstrate this in retrograde chess which is a playground for pure reasoning, where solvers reconstruct legal histories and distinguish possible events from forced ones. We introduce RetroChessBench, a 12-task benchmark covering exact-length constructions, unique endings, and exhaustive answer sets, with references, rubrics, and a terminal-reward environment. In two trials per task and condition, GPT 6 Astra High fails to produce the required final answer in 22/24 attempts without tools and 18/24 with code execution; mean terminal RL rewards are 14.75% and 27.19%, respectively. The examples identify faulty deductions: failed responses reject legal histories and treat temporary obstructions as permanent. Online retrograde archives often provide puzzles and final move sequences without detailed derivations. We hypothesize that limited exposure to these missing explanations in web-derived training data contributes to the observed reasoning failures. This questions how far frontier mathematical reasoning really generalizes beyond familiar solution patterns. Claims of general intelligence require evidence that models can transfer learnt principles to areas with few worked examples.
My Chiffon Nguyen, Tianyi Hu, Vinod Anbalagan, Henry Gagnier, Pouya Sadeghi, Farah Abdou, Tidor-Vlad Pricope, Diego MMS Oliveira 等 164 位作者
As LLMs expand their language coverage, evaluating how well they understand and represent diverse cultures becomes increasingly important. However, many benchmarks remain English-centric, with limited cultural coverage and a focus on factual knowledge over its application in real-world cultural contexts. We propose CulturalRiddles, a benchmark of original, culturally grounded riddles created entirely by humans through a participatory community effort, spanning 62 cultures (45 countries, 51 languages). These riddles are deeply rooted in their respective cultures and require abductive and compositional reasoning, alongside detailed factual and social knowledge, language skills, and an understanding of culturally specific associations. We benchmark 28 LLM configurations using both automatic and large-scale human evaluation. Even frontier models achieve at most 22% accuracy in some communities. We publicly release all artifacts alongside an open contribution process to expand the benchmark's linguistic and cultural coverage.