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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11471

Saidzoda-CA-EmbeddingGemma-300M: One Small Embedder for Tajik, Kazakh, Uzbek and Kyrgyz

Tohir Saidzoda, Nekruz Maxudov, Bedil Karimov, Abubakr Abdullozoda, Amin Jalilov, Jonibek Kishvarov, Rahmonali Sharipov, Mariyamkhon Shodyeva

原文摘要

The small open embedder EmbeddingGemma-300M, used as released, finds the right passage first for only 51.7% to 60.8% of Belebele questions in Tajik, Kazakh, Uzbek and Kyrgyz. We present Saidzoda-CA-EmbeddingGemma-300M, one model for all four languages. It is our Tajik fine-tune of EmbeddingGemma-300M, trained for one more epoch on 279,904 pairs: questions in Kazakh, Uzbek and Kyrgyz that our own language model wrote about source passages, a Tajik refresher, and English and Russian replay. On Belebele, recall@1 rises by 14.4 to 26.0 points in each language, to between 75.2% and 77.7%. Against single-language models trained with the same settings, the one model stays within 2.8 points at recall@1 in Kazakh, Uzbek and Tajik, with overlapping recall@10 intervals, though it also had more training. It keeps the Tajik law recall@10 of its starting point (92.2 against 92.4) but loses 4.4 points of law recall@1. A model trained on one of these languages also improves the others on Belebele, but less than training on them. The model still trails the 560M XLM-RoBERTa embedders on Kazakh, Uzbek and Kyrgyz Belebele: the better of multilingual-e5-large-instruct and BGE-M3, used as released, is 9.4 to 10.2 points ahead at recall@1. Our scores of those released models agree with the published MTEB results within 2.4 points. Russian and English recall@1 fall by 3.0 and 4.2 points.

cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11243

Saidzoda-Tajik-EmbeddingGemma-300M: Knowing Every Letter Is Not Reading Tajik

Tohir Saidzoda, Nekruz Maxudov, Bedil Karimov, Abubakr Abdullozoda, Amin Jalilov, Jonibek Kishvarov, Rahmonali Sharipov, Mariyamkhon Shodyeva

原文摘要

EmbeddingGemma-300M is a small open embedder whose tokenizer represents every Tajik letter, and as released it is weak at Tajik retrieval: on our Tajik law test the right passage is in its top ten results for 49.3% of questions, on tax documents for 45.9%, and on the human-written Belebele Tajik set for 69.8%, against 98.6% on the Russian version of the same set. We present Saidzoda-Tajik-EmbeddingGemma-300M, the same model fully fine-tuned for one epoch on 235,140 question and passage pairs written by our own Tajik language model for laws, tax documents, Wikipedia and web text, with the same mined hard negatives, English and Russian replay, loss, global batch, learning rate and epoch as our earlier Saidzoda-Tajik-E5-Large (arXiv:2611.00592) and BGE-M3 models. After training, law reaches 92.4% and tax 91.7%; on Belebele, the one test written by people, recall@10 rises from 69.8% to 92.6% and the first result is right for 76.6% of questions instead of 51.7%. A checkpoint at step 100 of 466 already holds 88% of the law gain at recall@10. At recall@10 the result is no more than 2.8 points below the two 560M models trained on the same pairs on law, tax and Wikipedia, within the intervals, with 768-dimensional vectors and about half their parameters; at recall@1, for which we have no intervals, it stays 7.0 points behind the E5 model on Belebele. The cost is a drop of 3.0 and 2.8 points in Russian and English recall@1, larger than for the two earlier models. We also report that, according to our run notes, a bfloat16 test run produced a non-finite loss at step 3 which the training framework logged as zero, so training was done in fp32. Our generated test questions come from the same model as the training questions, so we treat those scores as an upper limit until questions written by Tajik speakers exist.

cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06062

Adapting Qwen3 to Tajik from 0.6B to 8B: Lower Text Loss Did Not Mean Better Understanding

Tohir Saidzoda, Madina Abdusalomzoda, Nasimjon Rajabov, Akhrorkhon Ikromov, Komron Giyosiev, Abubakr Abdullozoda, Amin Jalilov, Jonibek Kishvarov 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Small LoRA adapters trained on Tajik news and books lowered Qwen3's Tajik text loss at every size we tried, from 0.6B to 8B, by 0.60 to 1.45 nats per token, but none of them improved Tajik reading comprehension where it can be measured. On Belebele the 1.7B and 8B adapters left accuracy unchanged and the 4B adapter lowered it by 3.7 points; at 0.6B the score rose by 4.2 points but sits near chance and coincides with a change in which answer letter the model prefers, so we do not read it as understanding. At 8B, continued pretraining on about 375 million tokens of raw Tajik text was followed by a Belebele gain of 9.9 points. After a further supervised fine-tuning stage, our main model, e3, is 11.4 points above Qwen3-8B on Belebele; its English MMLU changed by -1.2 points, and a loss larger than 3.3 points is excluded. The same heavy recipe applied to Qwen3-0.6B-Base brought its text loss close to that of the 8B model after books-only pretraining, while its multiple-choice answers stayed near chance and its English MMLU fell by 7.6 points. We report 15 trained models and their 5 starting models from June to October 2025, scored in 2026 on one harness with paired intervals, and we report what went wrong: lost training records, a thinking-mode dataset with almost no reasoning in it, later branches whose training data was never documented, and a 4-bit release that contains no transformer layers.

cs.CL