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原文摘要

Learning speech representations that are useful for a variety of downstream tasks has received considerable attention, due to the outstanding properties of Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) trained models. Despite advancements in modelling methods, understanding the difference in task performance on representations is limited. Mainly motivated by the no-free-lunch theorem and speech production, this work investigates changes in task performance in sparse speech representations, providing interpretability analysis under the Information Bottleneck (IB) framework. Autoencoders with varying sparsity levels were trained using three SSL features, and evaluated on six tasks of SUPERB: Speech Enhancement (SE), Speaker Identification (SID), Speech Emotion Recognition (SER), Phone Recognition (PR), Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Slot Filling (SF). Experiments show that: 1) different tasks manifest different degrees of sensitivity to the sparsity levels; 2) the optimal sparsity level for task performance varies; 3) the choice of SSL features has a limited impact on most tasks but with an exception of PR; 4) overall PR and ASR require more preservation of relevant information about the labels, while SID and SER demand more compression of irrelevant information, where the input quality can shift this trade-off to some degree. These findings can contribute to the design of a universal sparse speech representation learner.