Yang Wang, Hongxuan Liu, Xinghui Xu, Arjun Menon, Xiaoran Cai, Yunyu He, Alex Tarvo, Jingzong Zhou 等 43 位作者
Physical intelligence refers to intelligence systems that understand, reason about and act in accordance with the physical world and its underlying laws, dynamics, and constraints. Unlike conventional AI systems, physical intelligence interacts continuously with uncertain physical environments, and its actions produce consequences that are physically irreversible. As existing trustworthy AI frameworks have been developed primarily for digital AI systems, they do not fully capture the distinctive challenges of Physical Intelligence, such as physical safety, cyber-physical security, and physical manufacturing process. To address this gap, our paper develop a foundation for understanding, operationalizing, and governing trustworthy physical intelligence. First, we characterize the fundamental capabilities of physical intelligence. Second, we investigate the role of physical laws and principles in AI and analyze the associated challenges of physical intelligence. Third, we provide a unified structure of the end-to-end physical intelligence life cycle across five core stages and introduce the Trustworthy Physical Intelligence Operationalization (T-PAIO) framework. Fourth, we formulate the Trustworthy Physical Intelligence (T-PAI) Principles as a theoretical framework that synthesizes key trustworthiness dimensions and establishes a conceptual foundation for the governance of physical intelligence systems.
Deep research agents extend the role of search engines from retrieving keyword-matched pages to synthesizing knowledge, fundamentally changing how humans interact with information. However, frontier systems remain proprietary, while existing open agents often generalize poorly across different task types, leaving unclear how to train a broadly capable deep research agent. We release QUEST, a family of open models (ranging from 2B to 35B) that serve as general-purpose deep research agents designed to handle a wide range of long-horizon search tasks, with strong capabilities in fact seeking, citation grounding, and report synthesis. To build QUEST, we propose an effective training recipe combining mid-training, supervised fine-tuning, and reinforcement learning. Central to this recipe is a curated data synthesis pipeline based on unified rubric trees, which applies to different task types and enables synthesizing training data with verifiable rewards without human annotation. In addition, QUEST incorporates a built-in context management mechanism that enables effective long-horizon reasoning and knowledge synthesis. Using only 8K synthesized tasks, QUEST approaches or even surpasses frontier closed-source agents across eight deep research benchmarks spanning diverse task types, and achieves the best overall performance among recent open-weight agents. We released everything: models, data, and training scripts.