Leming Shen, Qiang Yang, Xinyu Huang, Zijing Ma, Yuanqing Zheng, Chris Xiaoxuan Lu
Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit powerful code generation abilities, fostering agentic systems to automate edge AI application development. However, existing agents typically operate via fixed agentic workflows and predefined design spaces, struggling to handle rapidly evolving demands of real-world scenarios (e.g., heterogeneous data modalities, diverse task pipelines). Unlike prior systems that treat LLMs mainly as code generators following rigid workflows, we fully exploit their reasoning capabilities to allow agents to determine their own workflows on the fly. To this end, we propose SE2, a self-exploring and self-evolving paradigm for adaptive edge AI development. Inspired by human learning processes, we distill development into four atomic operations (retrieve, reason, code, test), and empower agents to explore workflows by dynamically and adaptively selecting an appropriate next operation based on the current context. Extensive evaluations show that, with adaptive workflows, the synthesized programs achieve up to 26% higher accuracy and consume 28% lower resources than state-of-the-art baselines, while maintaining superior adaptability to unforeseen edge AI scenarios. This highlights the potential of reasoning-driven adaptive agentic workflow in edge AI development.
Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promise for training multimodal agents to reason and use tools. However, it remains unclear when fine-grained credit assignment improves learning and when it fails to improve task performance. Video editing provides a useful testbed for this question, combining multimodal perception, long-horizon planning, and tool use with delayed outcome feedback. We construct four movie-trailer editing task types---Content Selection, Narrative Sequencing, Rough Cut, and Fine Cut---that reflect real-world editing workflows and span different levels of task complexity and interaction horizon. Decaying process rewards provides the largest benefit on Fine Cut, with a 45.4% relative gain over outcome-only GRPO on tasks averaging more than 60 turns under outcome-only GRPO. On the three shorter-horizon task types averaging 30--40 turns under the same baseline, outcome-only GRPO remains competitive, with decaying process rewards yielding at most a 10.4% relative gain. Process rewards from an LLM judge initially improve tool use and encourage visual inspection. As training progresses, however, GRPO+PRM with a fixed process-reward weight increasingly exhibits excessive reasoning and redundant tool calls: process rewards continue to rise while task completion rates and outcome scores decline. Decaying the process-reward weight to zero mitigates this reward-hacking behavior while preserving the early gains. Despite dense token-level supervision, on-policy self-distillation (OPSD) yields little improvement or substantial degradation and is highly sensitive to the choice of privileged information. Our analysis reveals differences in teacher--student disagreement and gradient magnitudes, and suggests possible dilution of informative signals over long trajectories.
Fan Xu, Xinyu Hu, Zhenghan Yu, Li Lin, Xu Zhang, Yang Zhang, Wei Zhou, Jinjie Gu 等 9 位作者
The increasing reliance on natural language generation (NLG) models, particularly large language models, has raised concerns about the reliability and accuracy of their outputs. A key challenge is hallucination, where models produce plausible but incorrect information. As a result, hallucination detection has become a critical task. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive hallucination taxonomy with 11 categories across various NLG tasks and propose the HAllucination Detection (HAD) models, which integrate hallucination detection, span-level identification, and correction into a single inference process. Trained on an elaborate synthetic dataset of about 90K samples, our HAD models are versatile and can be applied to various NLG tasks. We also carefully annotate a test set for hallucination detection, called HADTest, which contains 2,248 samples. Evaluations on in-domain and out-of-domain test sets show that our HAD models generally outperform the existing baselines, achieving state-of-the-art results on HaluEval, FactCHD, and FaithBench, confirming their robustness and versatility.
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Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 6: Industry Track) · 2026 · 正式发表
Xunjian Yin Duke University, Sitao Cheng, Yuxi Xie, Xinyu Hu, Li Lin, Xinyi Wang Princeton University, Liangming Pan Peking University, William Yang Wang 等 9 位作者
Autoregressive language models are trained exclusively left-to-right. We explore the complementary factorization, training right-to-left at scale, and ask what reasoning patterns emerge when a model conditions on future context to predict the past.We train LEDOM, an open-source purely reverse autoregressive language model (2B/7B parameters, 435B tokens), and find it develops capabilities distinct from forward models, including abductive inference, question synthesis, and structural handling of the reversal curse.We then explore one application of the reverse model: combining forward likelihood P(y \mid x) with reverse posterior P(x \mid y) through noisy channel duality. We propose Reverse Reward, which reranks forward outputs using reverse posterior estimates, and prove that bidirectional scoring penalizes hallucinated reasoning chains whose backward reconstruction degrades.Reverse Reward yields gains of up to 6.6% on AIME 2024 and 15% on AMC 2023 across multiple strong baselines. We release all codes at https://github.com/Arvid-pku/LEDOM.
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Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表