Low-precision GPU kernels are commonly tested against a reference using hand-picked absolute and relative tolerances. Legitimate numerical error varies with the input, format and precision plan, so a fixed tolerance trades false alarms for missed faults. We present numoracle, which derives per-element acceptance regions from precision-annotated reference programs. Its calculus tracks shared rounding errors, provenance-ordered products, block-scaled quantizers and calibrated math-library errors. A rounding-interval check detects faulty stores that symmetric bounds can admit. Soundness is conditional on explicit rounding, hardware, domain and implementation assumptions; a fixed-input mode removes the zero-mean rounding assumption. We evaluate 13 Triton operators from Liger-Kernel, Unsloth and vLLM on two GPU generations. The main campaigns produce no false alarm on 33,960 correct-kernel and behavior-preserving-variant runs per GPU. Under input shift, the GPU campaigns record no false alarm while tuned tolerances flag up to 30% of correct runs; final-version reference checks identify inputs without complete finite-range certificates. On the RTX PRO 6000, numoracle kills 116 of 124 effective mutants, versus 59-83 for four fixed baselines. Among 400 tuned tolerance configurations, requiring at most 1% false alarms in every evaluated Liger input group permits at most 31 of 53 main-mutant kills, versus numoracle's 50. Historical replays expose accuracy faults in eight change pairs without rejecting their matched corrected controls; a ninth change concerns rounding parity.
Chen Tessler, Yifeng Jiang, Alec Otto, Yi Shi, Umar Iqbal, Gal Chechik, Xue Bin Peng
Humanoid controllers often require task-specific training despite sharing the need for balance and whole-body coordination. We present Metatron, a promptable whole-body execution layer combining a generative base policy with a programmable skill layer. The base policy receives partial goals, collectively called a prompt, that can combine timed body-part targets, velocity commands, and style cues. It produces diverse whole-body motions consistent with these goals. Training combines motion capture, synthetic recovery trajectories, and retargeted scene-interaction motions. After training, the policy is frozen. Stateful programs called skills express task intent as prompts at each control step, drawing rough geometric sketches that the policy turns into coordinated movement. Skills are ordinary code, refined by coding agents that analyze motion data and fit compact rules without task-specific policy training. On the physical Unitree G1, one frozen checkpoint supports walking, recovery, teleoperated object pickup, and sitting on furniture. Comparative evaluations show higher reaching success and push robustness than the tested reference-tracking pipelines. The same recipe produces climbing and acrobatics on a simulated character. Metatron enables coding agents to turn learned motor capabilities into new skills through code, without further policy training.
This paper presents a federated learning (FL) framework for semantic communication (SemCom) over the multiple access channel (MAC), where multiple distributed transmitters simultaneously convey semantic information to a common receiver using end-to-end learned semantic representations. Semantic feature extraction, compression, wireless transmission, and semantic inference are jointly optimized through FL-based SemCom. Unlike conventional SemCom systems that train users independently, simultaneous semantic transmissions over the MAC enable concurrent training of multiple transmitters within the same transmission interval, thereby reducing training overhead and channel usage. Federated semantic aggregation is incorporated with shared and personalized encoder components, allowing transmitters with limited local training data to benefit from semantic representations learned from transmitters possessing larger datasets while preserving local adaptation. Evaluated using the CIFAR-10 dataset over fading channels, the proposed approach maintains high semantic inference accuracy under shared wireless access and significantly improves performance under severe data imbalance. In the meantime, simultaneous semantic transmissions can significantly reduce training overhead while preserving robust semantic performance across distributed transmitters with heterogeneous local datasets. These results highlight the potential of combining FL and SemCom to support scalable and communication-efficient edge intelligence in future wireless networks.
The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a surge in both model supply and application demands. To facilitate effective matching between them, generic and efficient benchmark generators that can construct high-quality benchmarks are widely needed. However, human annotators are constrained by inefficiency, and current LLM-based benchmark generators lack not only generalizability but also a comprehensive evaluation framework for validation and optimization. To fill this gap, we first establish an automated evaluation framework, structured around four dimensions and ten criteria. Under this framework, we carefully analyze the advantages and weaknesses of directly prompting LLMs as generic benchmark generators. On this basis, we introduce a series of methods to address the identified weaknesses and integrate them as BenchMaker. Experiments across multiple LLMs and tasks confirm that BenchMaker achieves comparable performance to human-annotated benchmarks on most metrics, highlighting its generalizability and validity. More importantly, it delivers highly consistent evaluation results across 21 LLMs (e.g., 0.969 Pearson correlation against MMLU-Pro on language understanding task), while incurring minimal overhead (e.g., 0.005 and 0.38 minutes per sample when using GPT-4o mini as generator).
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Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表