The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has catalyzed the development of autonomous agents capable of navigating complex environments. However, existing evaluations primarily adopt a deductive paradigm, where agents execute tasks based on explicitly provided rules and static goals, often within limited planning horizons. Crucially, this neglects the inductive necessity for agents to discover latent transition laws from experience autonomously, which is the cornerstone for enabling agentic foresight and sustaining strategic coherence. To bridge this gap, we introduce OdysseyArena, which re-centers agent evaluation on long-horizon, active, and inductive interactions. We formalize and instantiate four primitives, translating abstract transition dynamics into concrete interactive environments. Building upon this, we establish OdysseyArena-Lite for standardized benchmarking, providing a set of 120 tasks to measure an agent's inductive efficiency and long-horizon discovery. Pushing further, we introduce OdysseyArena-Challenge to stress-test agent stability across extreme interaction horizons (e.g., > 200 steps). Extensive experiments on 15+ leading LLMs reveal that even frontier models exhibit a deficiency in inductive scenarios, identifying a critical bottleneck in the pursuit of autonomous discovery in complex environments. Project homepage: https://os-copilot.github.io/OdysseyArena-Home/
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in conversational settings where user phrasing ranges from polite to casual to toxic, yet less is known about whether such lexical variation in otherwise semantically equivalent prompts can degrade factual reliability. We study how lexical and tone-based prompt perturbations affect the factual reliability of LLMs. Using controlled prompt variations spanning polite, random, and increasingly toxic levels, we evaluate seven LLMs on ARC-Easy, GSM8K, and MMLU. We find that lexical perturbations reduce factual accuracy and increase predictive uncertainty in most models. Interestingly, increasing toxicity results in decreasing accuracy. To examine whether these answer inconsistencies correspond to internal changes, we conduct attribution-graph analyses of model activations and influences. We find that perturbations amplify perturbation-sensitive variant nodes relative to core reasoning nodes. We also observed a monotonic trend with increasing toxicity score and increasing activation and influence in Variant nodes. These findings position prompt wording and tone as a critical dimension of LLM reliability and provide behavioral and mechanistic evidence that surface-level lexical variation can alter factual outputs and internal computation.
Bowen Yang, Kaiming Jin national university of singaore, National University of Singapore, Zhenyu Wu, Zhaoyang Liu Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and Shanghai AI Laboratory, Qiushi Sun University of Hong Kong, Zehao Li University of Science and Technology of China, JingJing Xie, Zhoumianze Liu 等 15 位作者
While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have significantly advanced Computer-Using Agents (CUAs), current agentic frameworks struggle with robustness in novel domains and long-horizon workflows due to the absence of visual-aware tutorial retrieval and the lack of granular control over historical visual context curation and pruning. To bridge these gaps, we introduce OS-Symphony, a holistic framework that comprises an Orchestrator coordinating two key innovations for robust automation: (1) a Reflection-Memory Agent that utilizes milestone-driven long-term memory to enable trajectory-level self-correction, effectively mitigating visual context loss in long-horizon tasks; (2) Versatile Tool Agents featuring a Multimodal Searcher that adopts a “SeeAct” paradigm to navigate a browser-based sandbox to synthesize live, visually aligned tutorials, thereby resolving fidelity issues in unseen scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that OS-Symphony delivers substantial performance gains across varying model scales, establishing new state-of-the-art results on three online benchmarks, notably achieving 65.84% on OSWorld. All research assets will be made publicly available.
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cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.CV
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表