Leo Benaharon, Chi Zhang, Wei Zheng, Weifan Zhang, Yifan Wei
Coding agents can adapt robotic software by revising executable programs, but successful responses to an evolving opponent may not remain effective. We present a framework for program-level adversarial co-adaptive self-play in which coding agents generate attacks and defenses from tested opponent code and mission feedback, without model fine-tuning. Environment-specific interfaces support external programs for autonomous driving and SDK-level defenses for humanoid locomotion. Two eight-generation case studies reveal concrete software responses: a driving defender introduces direct-actuation recovery, while a humanoid defender revises incoming-state validation. These responses provide local task recovery but do not establish sustained robustness. The framework makes such adaptation and limitations observable through executable artifacts and task-level evidence.
Shuyu Zhang, Yifan Wei, Jialuo Yuan Independent, Xinru Wang University of Sydney, Yanmin Zhu Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yujie Liu Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Bin Li Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Task oriented dialog systems often rely on static exploration strategies that do not adapt to dynamic dialog contexts, leading to inefficient exploration and suboptimal performance. We propose DyBBT, a novel dialog policy learning framework that formalizes the exploration challenge through a structured cognitive state space \mathcal{C} that captures dialog progression, user uncertainty, and slot dependency. DyBBT proposes a bandit-inspired meta-controller that dynamically switches between a fast intuitive inference (System 1) and a slow deliberative reasoner (System 2) based on real-time cognitive states and visitation counts. Extensive experiments on single- and multi-domain benchmarks show that DyBBT achieves SOTA performance in success rate, efficiency, and generalization, with human evaluations confirming that its decisions are well-aligned with expert judgment.
尚无 AI 解读，展示原文摘要
cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表