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原文摘要

Understanding human actions from visual observations is essential for human-robot interaction, particularly when semantic interpretation of unfamiliar or hard-to-annotate actions is required. For rapid or less common activities, collecting sufficient labeled data for supervised learning is challenging, making zero-shot approaches a practical alternative for semantic understanding without task-specific training. While recent advances in large-scale pre-trained models enable such zero-shot reasoning, the impact of temporal resolution, especially for rapid and fine-grained motions, remains underexplored. In this study, we investigate temporal-resolution conditions for zero-shot semantic understanding of high-speed human actions. Using kendo as a representative case of rapid and subtle motion patterns, we propose a training-free pipeline that combines a pre-trained video-language model for semantic representation with large language model-based reasoning for pairwise action comparison. Our primary experiment evaluates full-observation raw videos from 10 to 120 Hz in 10-Hz increments. Nearest class prototype (NCP) accuracy is highest at 120 Hz, and the mean over 70-120 Hz is higher than that over 10-60 Hz. The corresponding mean prototype margin changes from -5.74 to +2.52 similarity-score points between these two halves and is also highest at 120 Hz. Secondary experiments show that tracking overlays reduce mean full-observation performance but improve mean partial-observation performance. These findings provide preliminary evidence that retaining high-temporal-resolution visual information can benefit training-free semantic understanding of rapid human actions.