Lane-changing (LC) maneuvers are highly challenging vehicle interactions, with substantial implications for traffic safety and efficiency. Developing effective LC strategies for connected and automated vehicles in mixed traffic is complicated by the uncertainty associated with surrounding-vehicle behavior and the computational burden of embedding realistic prediction models within optimization schemes. To capture these complex interactions while retaining tractability, this study proposes a data-driven optimization framework that embeds neural network (NN) surrogates for safety and lateral comfort within a Bézier-curve-based trajectory planner. Specifically, the safety cost during the LC process is quantified via a surrogate composed of an input convex recurrent neural network (ICRNN) encoding the planned trajectory, a fully input convex neural network (FICNN) embedding the LC duration, and a partially input convex neural network (PICNN) decoder fusing them with historical traffic states; separately, another FICNN surrogate approximates the optimal lateral comfort cost as a function of the LC duration. Both surrogates are embedded via linear programming (LP) formulations, avoiding the binary variables required by conventional mixed-integer programming (MIP) approaches for NN-embedded optimization. We further theoretically establish their exactness at optimality and extend the framework to problems with additional analytical objective terms and multiple surrogates. Experiments on a hybrid dataset combining real-world and simulated trajectories demonstrate that the proposed method achieves surrogate accuracy competitive with unconstrained baselines while substantially improving optimization efficiency over conventional MIPs. Closed-loop simulations further show that the proposed planners markedly reduce the weighted planning cost and consistently outperform baseline methods.
Weiyu Han, Haoyu Jiang, Jie Sheng, Ruobing Zuo, Huilin He, Ze Zhao, Xiao Tan, Nairong Zhang 等 10 位作者
Ant International accumulates large volumes of transaction history across users and payment businesses. Confirmed fraud and chargeback outcomes, by contrast, are scarce, delayed, and specific to each business. A single encoder pretrained on unlabeled histories could serve all businesses, but only if pretraining captures the behavior that separates risk. Coarse activity differences can make contrastive pretraining on transaction logs too easy: transaction volume, amount, and timing can distinguish a history's continuation from arbitrary candidates without modeling how payment resources are used. We present TRIDENT-Seq, a transaction foundation model trained with Prefix-Future Contrast (PFC). PFC matches each prefix to a summary of its subsequent behavior among candidates with similar activity profiles; activity prediction and dispersion regularization act on the encoder output. Across three production payment businesses, the pretrained encoder improves average precision (AP) and recall at a 0.5% intervention budget over architecture-matched scratch training in all six business-budget settings. With a fixed validation set, it exceeds full-label scratch training in mean AP and recall using 10% of the training labels on Wallet and 25% on Shopping and SME. Pretraining only on another business's histories still helps. Replacing profile-matched candidates with random ones cuts recall from 24.62% to 5.64%. In Ant International's deployment evaluation, recorded amount-based chargeback and overall loss rates are 37.7% and 37.9% lower than those of the previous XGBoost-based system under the same intervention budget.
Autonomous agents increasingly depend on harnesses that govern interaction, memory, tools, and execution around large language models (LLMs). While recent work has begun to evolve these harnesses from execution experience, the supervision used to guide evolution often remains relatively static, making it difficult to track changing behavioral weaknesses across rounds and potentially limiting generalization to unseen tasks. To address this issue, we propose RuHarness, a rubric--harness co-evolution framework for continual agent self-improvement. RuHarness continually discovers and reassesses behavioral criteria from execution trajectories, prioritizes the most relevant unresolved weaknesses, and uses them to guide targeted harness updates while keeping the task objective fixed. Extensive experiments across diverse agent tasks and backbone models show that RuHarness outperforms strong harness-evolution baselines, particularly on unseen held-out tasks. Further analyses show that adaptive rubric prioritization tracks shifting weaknesses and supports more sustained improvement and stable generalization across evolution rounds.
Shuai Wang, Zihan Qian, Ke Zhang, Jiangyu Han, Zikai Liu, Xiaoyang Yu, Haoyu Li, Marc Delcroix 等 12 位作者
We introduce the REAL-TSE Challenge, an IEEE SLT 2026 satellite challenge on target speaker extraction~(TSE) from real conversational recordings. Given a multi-speaker mixture and one or more enrollment utterances from a target speaker, participating systems must recover only the target speech. Unlike simulated read-speech benchmarks, REAL-TSE evaluates Mandarin and English recordings that contain natural overlap, reverberation, noise, channel mismatch, and conversational dynamics. The challenge defines two complementary tracks: an Online track for low-latency streaming extraction and an Offline track for full-context processing. Systems are evaluated with Token Error Rate (TER), Speaker Similarity (SpkSim), DNSMOS, and target-speaker activity F1. This overview paper describes the task definition, datasets, baselines, evaluation protocol, submitted systems, condition-wise findings, and lessons for future real-world TSE benchmarks.
Yixuan Chen, Hongyu Zhan, Jie Sheng, Weiyu Han, Shuai Chen, Tianyi Zhang, Xiao Tan, Jun Xia
Financial fraud detection increasingly relies on heterogeneous transaction graphs, in which entities such as cards and merchants play distinct business roles and the risk meaning of an attribute depends on the entity's role: a high transaction volume may be routine for a merchant but unusual for a card. Heterogeneous graph neural networks preserve typed entities and relations but typically treat these attributes as role-agnostic inputs and leave their business meaning implicit. Meanwhile, most existing methods integrating large language models (LLMs) with graphs focus on homogeneous graphs or heterogeneous graphs with naturally available textual attributes, leaving their use on transaction graphs with structured attributes underexplored. To address this issue, we propose SemHGT, an LLM-enhanced framework that interprets structured attributes according to entity roles and makes the business semantics explicit in three stages: (1) role-aware prompts elicit risk-related business descriptions from node attributes, and a text encoder maps them to semantic vectors that enrich node representations; (2) semantic similarity guides multi-round sampling of target-specific path instances under transaction-to-transaction schemas; (3) schema-level tokens that combine local path evidence with global neighbor summaries are processed together with the target transaction by a unified transformer. Across three benchmark datasets, SemHGT leads the evaluated baselines on most dataset--metric comparisons. Further analyses provide additional evidence for the effectiveness of SemHGT's design and clarify how its semantic modeling and evidence selection contribute to fraud detection. Code is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/SemHGT-528A/.
LLMs on edge devices are constrained by limited memory and bandwidth. Although 1.58-bit ternary weights greatly reduce model storage, long-context inference is increasingly bottlenecked by KV-cache traffic and attention. Existing accelerators also use separate datapaths for ternary linear layers and attention, incurring hardware and execution overhead. We present SPARTA, a sparse ternary LLM accelerator for efficient long-context edge inference. SPARTA integrates: (1) a phase-aware sparse dataflow exploiting heterogeneous sparsity across compute-bound prefill and memory-bound decode; (2) a unified compute fabric mapping ternary SpMM/SpMV and bit-serial attention onto shared processing elements to exploit zero-weight and zero-bit sparsity; and (3) an adaptive two-stage attention engine combining page-level Top-k selection to reduce K-cache accesses with token-level Top-p pruning to reduce V-cache traffic. SPARTA reduces KV traffic by 4.1-4.8x over full attention and 1.3-1.5x over a state-of-the-art sparse-attention scheme, with task-dependent quality loss. Compared with NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin, SPARTA achieves 3.9x higher generation throughput and 8.3x higher end-to-end energy efficiency on average; versus AMD Ryzen 7 9700X, the gains are 5.0x and 81.7x. It also delivers 1.6-12.0x higher throughput, 2.0-4.2x higher energy efficiency, and 1.3-51.4x higher area efficiency than FIGLUT, TeLLMe, and MCBP.
Spatio-temporal graph neural networks combine a node's history with information from graph neighbors. The central question is whether graph neighbors provide predictive information beyond each node's own history. Forecast accuracy depends on both the choice of neighbors and the way graph messages enter the temporal model. We study these choices as graph construction and graph exposure on U.S. state unemployment, traffic speed, and electricity demand. Our diagnostic design uses two comparisons: varying exposure while holding the domain graph fixed, and varying construction while holding late gated integration fixed. A GRU using only each node's own history and randomized graph controls help assess what the graph contributes. Under a common change forecasting protocol, the same domain graph can improve or worsen error relative to the GRU across integration designs. Late integration alone is insufficient, while adding a fusion gate yields lower mean error in all three tasks. With late gated integration fixed, a graph based on residual correlations has the lowest mean error among the tested graphs, although randomized graphs perform similarly on unemployment. The findings support evaluating graph construction and integration together, with conclusions tied to the comparisons actually performed.
Yunfei Xie, Howard H. Qian, Shiyi Lan, Kaiyu Hang, Chen Wei
Robot foundation models are typically evaluated through costly closed-loop rollouts, motivating low-cost offline proxies for model capability. The Platonic Representation Hypothesis (PRH) suggests that as representations improve, modalities such as vision and language converge toward a shared statistical model of reality. We ask whether motion trajectories form another such modality: as embodied models become more capable, should their sensory representations converge toward the structure of physical motion? To test this, we propose Sensorimotor Alignment ($S^2$), a training-free offline metric that measures how well a model's sensory representation aligns with the geometry of physical motion. We find that $S^2$ correlates positively with downstream robot task success across model families, making it a low-cost offline proxy for prioritizing models before closed-loop evaluation. $S^2$ can also identify promising vision-language model (VLM) backbones before costly fine-tuning into vision-language-action models (VLAs). Beyond this correlation, $S^2$ offers representation-level explanations for phenomena observed in VLAs and world action models (WAMs). With $S^2$, we extend PRH to robotics and make sensorimotor alignment measurable, offering a low-cost, representation-level view of robot foundation models that closed-loop success rates alone cannot reveal.
Tianhao Niu, Ziyu Han, Qiguang Chen, Shiqi Zhou, Baocai Shan Harbin Institute of Technology, Hengjie Fang, Qingfu Zhu Harbin Institute of Technology, Wanxiang Che Harbin Institute of Technology
Automatic data visualization generation have advanced rapidly with multi-modal large language models, yet existing efforts largely focus on static charts and overlook the interactive dashboards commonly used for real-world data exploration. We introduce Dashboard2Code, a novel task that requires a model to proactively explore an interactive dashboard, acquire and integrate feedback from its own interactions (e.g., clicking and filtering), and generate code that reproduces the target dashboard. To support comprehensive evaluation, we present DashboardMimic, the first Plotly+Dash benchmark for Dashboard2Code, comprising 180 carefully designed and manually verified dashboard–code pairs spanning three difficulty levels and covering eight common real-world interaction patterns. We further propose an automated evaluation framework tailored to dashboards that combines code semantic analysis with dynamic interaction-based testing to assess visual and interaction consistency, showing strong agreement with human judgments. Experiments across a range of open- and closed-source multi-modal models reveal that even the strongest systems struggle on high-complexity dashboards and that a substantial performance gap remains between open-source and closed-source models on the Dashboard2Code task.
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cs.CL · cs.CV
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表