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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04897

TapeSAC: Automated, Pareto-Optimal Fine-Grained Memory Management for Large Model Training

Kaihui Ren, Yifan Zhao, Zejian Wang, Yingtong Xiong, Xiaoling Zhou, Daohong Xu, Chenhao Guan, Zhikang Mo 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Selective activation checkpointing (SAC) decides which activations to save for the backward pass and which to recompute: each choice is a point in the plane of peak memory and recomputation time, and the goal is that plane's Pareto frontier. Current practice falls short of this goal. Hand-tuned policies fix a single point that does not adapt when the model, batch or kernels change; PyTorch's SAC reruns each block's forward pass in program order, recomputing values the backward pass never reads; and the memory budget of torch.compile treats recomputation as free or forbidden and selects saved tensors by bytes alone, an assumption that fails for the custom kernels that produce many of a large model's activations. We present TapeSAC, which automates SAC in eager PyTorch without editing the model's forward code. TapeSAC records each block's forward pass at the dispatcher and, during backward, replays only the producers of the values autograd consumes, so saving a tensor eliminates every producer needed only for it. A planner selects the saved tensors from measured recomputation costs under a single limit on step-peak memory. On Qwen3.8-27B and Qwen3.6-35B-A3B, replay alone reduces step time by 3.0% and 1.7% versus full checkpointing at no greater memory cost; memory-aware planning raises these gains to 6.3% and 13.9% under a 90%-of-device-memory limit. The evaluated hand-tuned policies fall short of this memory-recomputation frontier and, on Qwen3.6-35B-A3B, run out of memory at larger batches. Over 500 steps on real data, TapeSAC reduces training time by 8-11%; on Qwen3.5-397B, it is 2.7% faster than a model-specific hand-tuned policy while using 14% less memory.

cs.DC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02234

TIGER: Learning from Researcher Taste to Generate Tailored Research Ideas

Shane Gu, Yufeng Lin, Dixi Yao, Xuchen Gong, Chenhao Tan

原文摘要

In pairwise comparisons where each judge chooses between an idea generated by its corresponding TIGER-8B policy and one generated by GPT-4.1, the three LLM researchers select the TIGER-8B idea in 56.6%-68.4% of 76 comparisons per researcher. PhD1 and PhD2 select the TIGER-8B idea in 19 of 30 pairs (63.3%) and 17 of 30 pairs (56.7%), respectively. All six directed cross-policy comparisons likewise favor the judge's matched TIGER-8B policy over an off-target policy, supporting the use of individual preference feedback for tailored research ideation.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01613

Surrogate Losses for Fairness-Aware Classification: Fisher Consistency and Calibration

Changcheng Song, Yi Yang, Xiangyu Chang, Xiaoling Lu, Yufeng Liu

原文摘要

Fairness-aware classification seeks to balance predictive accuracy and fairness across demographic groups. Although surrogate losses facilitate the optimization of fairness-aware objectives, it remains unclear when minimizing these losses yields optimal decisions under the original fairness-aware risk. This paper investigates the statistical validity of surrogate-based fairness-aware classification under demographic parity and equal opportunity, considering both attribute-blind and attribute-aware settings. We introduce fairness-aware Fisher consistency and characterize it through conditions on the derivatives of the surrogate losses. The characterization shows that consistency depends not only on the individual loss functions but also on their interaction within the fairness-regularized objective. We further establish a calibration inequality that relates the excess fairness-aware risk to the excess surrogate risk, providing a quantitative connection between surrogate optimization and the original classification objective. Numerical experiments illustrate how deviations from the consistency conditions affect fairness-aware excess risk and how the regularization parameter influences the well-posedness of surrogate optimization. An application to consumer credit default prediction demonstrates that appropriately calibrated fairness regularization can substantially reduce demographic disparities while maintaining predictive performance.

stat.ML · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.38228

The Endgame of FSDP Communication: Layout-Aware Collectives on Copy Engines, RDMA, and NVSwitch

Zejian Wang, Yifan Zhao, Kaihui Ren, Xiaoling Zhou, Yubin Wang, Chenhao Guan, Lin Zhang, Yufeng Li 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Fully Sharded Data Parallelism (FSDP2) maintains parameters and gradients as per-parameter tensors, whereas its collective path operates on flat, rank-major buffers. Converting between these layouts copies all-gather outputs into parameter storage and packs gradients into full-group fp32 buffers. Layout conversion alone accounts for 6.4% of step time in Llama-3.1 70B training at 8K tokens per GPU. Communication kernels impose a second cost: a default NCCL reduce-scatter can slow a concurrent GEMM that would otherwise complete in a single wave by 69%. We present TIDE, a set of zero-copy collectives built on public NCCL 2.31+ APIs. TIDE preserves FSDP2's per-parameter storage and compute kernels while folding layout placement into collective addressing. TIDE-AG delivers shards directly to parameter storage using NVSwitch multicast and paced recursive-doubling RDMA, with no SMs used for transport or placement. TIDE-RS consumes per-parameter bf16 gradients directly and reduces them into fp32 shards (a mixed-precision mode that NCCL does not provide) using copy engines and short-lived thread blocks (CTAs) for node-local accumulation and NVSwitch for cross-node reduction. A two-phase pipeline separates gradient reads from network progress; Slot-Reuse optionally stages gradients in vacated all-gather slots. On 64 GPUs, TIDE reduces step time by up to 27.1% relative to Stock FSDP2 and 6.0% relative to FSDP2+SymmMem across Llama-3.1 70B, Wan2.2, and Qwen3-30B-A3B. It reduces reduce-scatter SM time by factors of 12.5-14.5 and cuts interference with concurrent compute by up to an order of magnitude. Its reduce-scatter buffer remains nearly constant from 16 to 64 GPUs at a fixed per-GPU output size, and its peak memory is up to 4.7 GiB below FSDP2+SymmMem's and, with Slot-Reuse on Wan2.2, below Stock FSDP2's.

cs.DC · cs.LG · cs.PF

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.31689

ScratchWorld: Evaluating If World Models Compute Executable Consequences

Yufeng Lin, Jialu Zhang

原文摘要

Evaluations of world models commonly score a predicted future state by its overlap with the ground truth. Yet in interactive worlds, this rewards copying: a model that merely preserves persistent state appears accurate without predicting any consequence of an action. We introduce ScratchWorld, an execution-grounded diagnostic benchmark that treats Scratch projects as executable worlds and derives every label from replay on a pinned Scratch VM, including next-state transitions, hidden variables, causal traces, and counterfactual outcomes. Its primary metric, value-aware changed-field F1 ($F_1^{\mathrm{VA}}$), credits a prediction only when it names a changed field and computes its executed value. Model-free anchors make the confound explicit: a no-change prior attains 91.4% full-state field accuracy on synthetic long-horizon items and 0% changed-field credit on non-empty one-step items, whereas VM replay attains 100% wherever the corresponding metric is defined. Across seven frontier LLMs prompted as world models, state-only $F_1^{\mathrm{VA}}$ reaches at most 30.0% on controlled synthetic mechanisms and declines steeply as projects approach real-world complexity. Revealing the full program raises every model's value-aware score by 22.3-51.7 points and substantially reorders the models, yet the best reaches only 55.4%, an execution gap that persists even with the rules visible. Auxiliary diagnostics complete the error profile: causal-event accuracy remains within 2.5 points of the 50% no-event baseline, with no correct exact chain; counterfactual prediction trades changed-outcome accuracy against invariance; hidden-state accuracy degrades roughly twice as fast as full-state overlap over long horizons. In a word, ScratchWorld separates what a model knows about the rules from what it can actually execute.

cs.SE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗