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原文摘要

The ability to reason, adapt, and creatively solve problems under unexpected challenges is essential for robots operating in real-world environments. However, current robotic benchmarks primarily emphasize skill-level execution and provide limited insight into such cognitive reasoning capabilities. We introduce RoboWits, a bi-manual robotic benchmark designed to systematically evaluate cognitive reasoning, creative tool use, and robustness to unexpected conditions. To enable scalable construction of high-quality reasoning-centric unexpected scenarios, we propose an automated task generation pipeline formulated as a multi-agent cooperative framework, comprising agents for seed task generation and verification, metric generation, scene generation, and task mutation. Using the pipeline, we curated 30 diverse seed tasks and 200 tasks with mutations and graded difficulty across geometry, material, and assembly-based reasoning. We benchmark popular robot policies, pre-trained VLAs, a zero-shot policy built on a frontier VLM, and oracle-state planners. Our results reveal a significant performance gap: while pre-trained VLAs exhibit preliminary success on seed tasks after fine-tuning, they struggle to perform on mutated tasks, implying their brittleness in manipulation tasks requiring reasoning, strategy adaptation, and robustness to deceptive or constrained environments. A zero-shot policy built on GPT-6 Astra outperforms all fine-tuned VLAs, yet still loses about a fifth of its success on mutated tasks, showing that stronger foundation models alone do not close the robustness gap. See our project page https://umass-embodied-agi.github.io/RoboWits/ for videos.