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版本更新 · v4arXiv:2507.11662

Let's Think in Two Steps: Mitigating Agreement Bias in MLLMs with Self-Grounded Verification

Moises Andrade, Joonhyuk Cha, Brandon Ho, Vriksha Srihari, Karmesh Yadav, Zsolt Kira

原文摘要

Verifiers--functions assigning rewards to agent behavior--have been key to AI progress in math, code, and games. However, extending gains to domains without clear-cut success criteria (e.g., computer use) remains a challenge: while humans can recognize desired outcomes, translating this intuition into scalable rules is nontrivial. Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) offer a promising solution, given their world knowledge, human-preference alignment, and reasoning skills. We evaluate MLLM verifiers across web navigation, computer use, and robotics, spanning 13 models, 28 judge designs, diverse agent trajectories, and distinct downstream applications. We identify a critical limitation: a strong tendency for MLLMs to over-validate agent behavior, a phenomenon we term agreement bias. This bias is pervasive across models, is resilient to test-time scaling, and harms pipelines relying on MLLM judgments (e.g., self-improvement). We discuss principles for design and evaluation of verifiers, and introduce SGV, a method that improves verification by harnessing MLLMs' own capabilities via modulation of (un)conditional generation. First, an MLLM generates broad priors about desired behavior, independent of the data under evaluation. Then, conditioned on generated priors, it reasons over and judges a candidate trajectory. Our methods yield more human-aligned verifiers, with gains of up to 25pp in failure detection, 14pp in accuracy, and benefits extending to downstream applications. In self-improvement and online supervision, our verifiers boost task completion of a GUI specialist in OSWorld, a diffusion policy in robomimic, and a ReAct agent in VisualWebArena--surpassing the previous SOTA by 20pp. Finally, we release an updated version of VisualWebArena, featuring improved evaluators, high-fidelity environment parallelism with >10x speedups, and VWA-Lite, a 1/3-scale subset with comparable evaluation fidelity.

cs.AI · cs.CL · cs.LG · cs.MA · cs.RO

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11650

FlowEval: How Much Adaptation Does an Embodied Foundation Model Need at Deployment?

Zhang Xi-Jia, Roman Yakunin, Shivang Chopra, Chengyue Huang, Che Chen, Siddharth Karamcheti, Zsolt Kira

原文摘要

Large-scale pretraining is reducing the amount of adaptation required to deploy embodied foundation models, but it is not guaranteed that a pretrained model already provide the level of performance required in every deployment. Practitioners therefore need to understand how well a pretrained model matches a target deployment and how much adaptation data is left to be collected. We study whether a small set of successful target-domain demonstrations can reveal whether and how much target-domain data will be required before any adaptation. We introduce FlowEval, a set of training-free metrics that use the flow-matching objective to probe an embodied foundation model with a set of demonstrations. FlowEval quantifies predictive disagreement on successful target demonstrations to assess how well a pretrained model fits a target deployment. Across four embodied foundation model families: Pi-0.5, MolmoAct2, GR00T, and DreamZero, FlowEval distinguishes seen from unseen deployments across real-world and simulated manipulation. Further, by finetuning Pi-0.5 and GR00T on 17 RoboCasa365 manipulation tasks, we showed that FlowEval correlates with how success rate improves as additional adaptation data is provided. Together, these results suggest that FlowEval can serve as a lightweight, training-free diagnostic of how much model--deployment adaptation may be required.

cs.RO

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2510.19732Berkeley BAIR

Memo:用强化学习训练记忆高效的具身智能体

Memo: Training Memory-Efficient Embodied Agents with Reinforcement Learning

Gunshi Gupta, Karmesh Yadav, Zsolt Kira, Yarin Gal, Rahaf Aljundi

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出 Memo——一种基于 transformer 的架构与强化学习训练方法,通过周期性摘要 token 构建和检索记忆,使具身智能体在长时程、记忆密集型任务中更高效地保持上下文。

cs.AI · cs.CV · cs.RO

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To enable embodied agents to operate effectively over extended timeframes, it is crucial to develop models that form and access memories to stay contextualized in their environment. In the current paradigm of training transformer-based policies for embodied sequential decision-making tasks, visual inputs often overwhelm the context limits of transformers, while humans can maintain and utilize a lifetime of experience compressed as memories. Significant compression is possible in principle, as much of the input is irrelevant and can be abstracted. However, existing approaches predominantly focus on either recurrent models with fixed-size memory or transformers with full-context reliance. In this work, we propose Memo, a transformer-based architecture and training recipe for reinforcement learning (RL) on memory-intensive, long-horizon tasks. Memo incorporates the creation and retrieval of memory by interleaving periodic summarization tokens with the inputs of a model during training. We demonstrate Memo's effectiveness on a gridworld meta-RL benchmark and a multi-object navigation task in photo-realistic indoor settings. Memo outperforms naive long-context transformer baselines while being more compute and storage efficient. Additionally, Memo generalizes better to longer contexts at inference time and remains robust in streaming settings, where historical context must be truncated to fit inference constraints. Our code is available at: https://github.com/gunshi/memo.