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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.17148

资源景观中网红博弈的学习动力学

Learning Dynamics of the Influencer's Game in Resource Landscapes

Mark Lovett Feng Fu

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出“网红博弈”空间博弈框架,分析玩家在性状空间中争夺资源份额时对称均衡的存在性与稳定性,并探讨分岔与多智能体强化学习下的表现。

cs.GT · econ.TH · physics.soc-ph

查看原文摘要

Across domains as varied as ecology, economics, and online platforms, individuals are incentivized to position themselves within resource-rich strategy spaces. In this work we introduce a new spatial game framework called the influencer's game. Within this new framework players' strategies are represented as positions within a trait space. Players then receive a share of a portion of a resource based on their relative influence at that resource's points traits. For the influencer's game, we show that there is a unique symmetric Nash equilibrium that exists under strict log-concavity of the influence kernel. Using the unique equilibrium we show that the stability of the system depends on the influence kernel's parameters, number of players, and the resource distribution shape. For any dimension we demonstrate a stability threshold that depends on both the scatter and curvature of the players. When this threshold is crossed, the symmetric equilibrium destabilizes and gives way to a variety of bifurcation types; including, specialist clusters, limit cycles, and sub-games that reproduce the larger game's structure. We ground these results using real-world data for resources as a demonstration of the game's application. Finally we extend the game dynamics to use multi-agent reinforcement learning and further show that the predicted bifurcation structure persists under partial observability and discretized strategy spaces. In all, the influencer's game provides a novel framework for predicting when competitive pressure drives convergence versus fragmentation with possible applications across domains.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16327

Designing Information in a Forest: Algorithmic Aspects

Konstantin Zabarnyi

原文摘要

The Bayesian persuasion framework models strategic information revelation by a sender to one or more receivers. We study an intricate version of the multi-receiver persuasion setting in which the communication hierarchy is a forest - i.e., some receivers observe more informative signals than others, and the partial ordering of the receivers according to the information they get is represented by a pre-specified directed forest. This model naturally captures interactions in hierarchical organizations, and it lies in between the two most commonly studied versions of Bayesian persuasion: private persuasion and public persuasion. Inspired by the classic model of private persuasion, we focus on a setting with a binary state of nature and binary-action heterogeneous receivers s.t. the sender's utility is a monotone function of the set of receivers taking a specific desirable action. We extend the computational tractability result for symmetric sender's utility from private persuasion to the forest hierarchy framework using methodology inspired by optimal transport theory. We further provide a polynomial-time algorithm when the sender's utility is modular. On the negative side, we show that, unlike in private persuasion, the case of a supermodular sender's utility function leads to an NP-hard optimization problem which further does not admit an FPTAS unless P=NP; this result holds even when each tree component of the forest is a chain of 3 receivers. To complement the hardness result, we provide a simple approximation algorithm with the approximation ratio depending linearly on the depth of the forest hierarchy. We further provide an analogous algorithm for the submodular utility case. Finally, beyond forest communication hierarchies, we rule out an FPTAS for the sender's optimal utility even in the symmetric utility case, unless P=NP.

cs.GT · econ.TH

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16207

Core nonemptiness for $2/3$-convex games

Keisuke Bando, Toshiyuki Hirai, Kenzo Imamura, Ryuhei Mizutani

原文摘要

We study the core of $2/3$-convex games, a class of transferable-utility (TU) games that generalizes convex games, which requires at least two of any three distinct coalitions satisfy the supermodular inequality. We show that every $2/3$-convex game admits a marginal worth vector in the core, and hence has a nonempty core. Our proof is constructive and yields a linear-time algorithm for finding such a core allocation. We also show that $2/3$-convexity does not imply permutational convexity in general, while the implication holds under an additional superadditivity condition on pairs of singletons. As an application, we introduce a TU model motivated by the OSCE's consensus-minus-two procedure and show that the resulting game is $2/3$-convex but need not be convex.

cs.GT · econ.TH

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.15803

Delegating Authorization to Misaligned Agents: Coalitional Alignment and Safe Control

Natalie Collina, Surbhi Goel, Aaron Roth, Sikata Bela Sengupta

原文摘要

Long-running AI agents create a control problem: each action they take changes the state, which in turn affects the trajectory of future actions. If the agent is not fully aligned, then guaranteeing safety requires approving consequential actions before allowing them to be executed. But requiring human approval at every step makes attention a bottleneck. Delegating review to other AI agents raises the same alignment problem: the reviewers may themselves be misaligned. We identify a condition on a reviewing panel that is weaker than individual alignment yet necessary and sufficient for a guarantee that the principal fares at least as well in expectation as under a designated baseline policy. Each reviewer agent reports whether an action proposal made by a proposer agent improves its own utility relative to the baseline. We show that a threshold rule tolerating $k$ disapprovals is safe exactly when, after any $k$ reviewers are removed, the principal's utility can be written as a nonnegative combination of the remaining reviewers' utilities, plus a term that is nonnegative on every feasible proposal. We call this property $k$-robust coalitional alignment. The characterization lifts to sequential control: in a discounted MDP with an arbitrary proposer agent, safety at every state is both necessary and sufficient for the induced policy to match or improve on the baseline. When reviewers vote strategically, full-panel coverage in reward-function space guarantees that every Nash equilibrium is safe under the unanimous approval rule; in contrast, more permissive thresholds can admit unsafe equilibria even when reviewers are individually aligned. Experiments with existing reviewer models show that collective review can remain sound without an aligned individual, even when some disapprovals are tolerated.

cs.GT · cs.AI · cs.LG · econ.TH

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.14858

The Price of Anarchy in Markets for Lemons

Naveen Durvasula, Tim Roughgarden

原文摘要

We study the worst-case equilibrium gains from trade in simple bilateral trade mechanisms with interdependent valuations. Equilibria in such settings are typically complex, as proposed prices can convey private information held by the proposer. Such equilibria suffer lost gains from trade both due to the inefficiency introduced by screening (as in independent private value settings) and due to adverse selection. We identify broad conditions under which, nevertheless, sequential equilibria are guaranteed to achieve a constant fraction of the first-best gains from trade. Our bounds quantify the central role of rare pessimistic seller signals and rare optimistic buyer signals. The results apply to seller-proposer, buyer-proposer, and random-proposer mechanisms. The key idea in our analysis is to relate equilibrium gains from trade to proposer profits in an auxiliary market with independent private values.

cs.GT · cs.DS · econ.TH

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13259

Choosing Complexity: Cognitive Ability, Overconfidence, and Task Choice

David Gill, Zhongheng Qiao

原文摘要

Workers and organizations routinely choose between complex tasks that differ in their success-payment tradeoff. We study how cognitive ability and overconfidence shape this choice of task complexity, both theoretically and experimentally. Consistent with our model, we find that more cognitively able individuals choose more complex tasks. Conditional on cognitive ability, we find that more overconfident individuals also choose more complex tasks. In about 75% of the decisions, subjects pick their payoff-maximizing task, and higher cognitive ability is weakly associated with more efficient choices of task complexity. But errors are strikingly one-sided: those who fail to choose optimally pick tasks that are too complex. Our findings suggest that organizations should pair task menus and incentives for choosing more complex tasks with information and feedback that help workers assess their ability and probability of success. This preserves the benefits of self-selection while reducing costly overreach.

econ.TH · cs.GT · econ.GN

版本更新 · v7arXiv:2412.09321

基于类别的学习选择:理论及其在算法突出性中的应用

Learning to Choose with Categories: Theory and an Application to Algorithmic Prominence

Philippe Jehiel, Aviman Satpathy

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出粗粒度Q学习框架,刻画决策者按相似类别选择并学习类别估值时,内生采样反馈如何导致多重均衡、循环或福利下降,并应用于数字平台的算法突出性。

econ.TH · cs.GT

查看原文摘要

We introduce Coarse Q-learning, a reinforcement learning framework in which a decision-maker partitions alternatives into coarse similarity classes, chooses among available classes using logit, and learns class valuations by averaging experienced payoffs. Even in stationary bandit problems with independently drawn menus, choices change the composition of pooled feedback. By deriving the continuous-time mean field ODE limit, we show this endogenous sampling can generate a unique globally attracting mixed equilibrium with limiting indifference, multiple stable strict rankings, or persistent cycling. Learning can reduce welfare even when the coarse representation admits efficient choice. An application demonstrates how digital platforms may exploit this feedback by promoting high-quality products to sustain purchases of inferior products under a common brand.

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.30916

Welfare, Improvability, and Variance: A Principal-Agent Approach to Optimal Benchmark Item Aggregation

Andreas Haupt, Justin Hartenstein, Anka Reuel, Mykel Kochenderfer, Sanmi Koyejo

原文摘要

AI benchmarks have well-documented limitations, with prior work examining contamination, saturation, and construct underspecification. Aggregation has received far less attention: benchmarks are typically summarized by uniformly averaging item-level scores, implicitly treating every test item as equally valuable. We model benchmarking as a multitask principal-agent game and show that the welfare loss from a benchmark is determined jointly by three item-level primitives: alignment with normative welfare priorities, marginal improvability, and performance variance. We translate the theory into an audit framework that ranks items along each of these three axes, and apply it to OLMES items using WORKBank for welfare, the EvoLM 4B suite for improvability, and the PolyPythias 410M panel for variance. The framework surfaces items that are Pareto-inferior within OLMES subject to a pro-worker welfare operationalization. All code is available at https://github.com/stair-lab/principal-agent-benchmarks.

cs.LG · cs.GT · econ.TH

版本更新 · v5arXiv:2404.15158

On the Monotonicity of Information Measures

Xiaoyu Cheng, Yonggyun Kim

原文摘要

We study the monotonicity of information measures, functions that assign a value to each statistical experiment, with respect to the Blackwell and Lehmann orders. We show that such monotonicity can be characterized by local, first-order conditions. Under natural invariance properties, a measure is Blackwell monotone if and only if it decreases in the direction of signal replacements, and Lehmann monotone if and only if it decreases in the direction of reverse signal replacements, which replace signals with higher ones only in low states or with lower ones only in high states. We translate both conditions into the space of posterior beliefs and apply them to likelihood-separable and posterior-separable measures, showing in particular that the entropy cost is Lehmann monotone. Among posterior-separable measures, we further identify a Lehmann monotone subclass, posterior-mean-ratio measures, that characterizes the Lehmann order.

econ.TH · cs.IT

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.09399

Artificial Shoppers and Attention Competition

Xiaomeng Guo, Fasheng Xu, Xiaoli Zhang

原文摘要

We study how AI shopping interfaces affect price competition, platform profit, and consumer welfare. A platform hosts two of three products of different quality. Without AI, consumers compare the hosted pair under salience distortion and overweight whichever attribute, price or quality, stands out. Under assistance, an AI assistant recommends the two products with the highest true utility, leaving consumers to make the same distorted comparison. Under delegation, an AI agent selects the best product, subject to purchase approval. Both modes access all products and know consumers' preferences; firms price strategically. First, assistance can soften competition despite expanded product access. The middle-quality firm may forgo low-valuation consumers because attracting them requires cutting the price paid by higher-valuation consumers as well. Relative to no AI with the same assortment, assistance lowers both hosted prices under the high- and low-quality pair but can raise both under the high- and middle-quality pair. Second, we identify an alignment paradox: some consumers can become worse off than without AI even though their best option remains recommended and becomes cheaper. Salience can induce a switch to a lower-quality product whose quality loss exceeds the saving relative to the original purchase. The assistant ranks products accurately but does not optimize the shortlist for consumers' realized welfare. Third, assistance can raise both platform profit and aggregate consumer surplus with the high- and middle-quality pair; delegation can do so with the high- and low-quality pair. Fourth, among AI designs, the platform weakly prefers delegation with the high- and middle-quality pair wherever all compared pricing equilibria exist. Yet this preferred design can yield lower platform profit and aggregate consumer surplus than the no-AI optimum.

econ.TH · cs.AI · cs.GT

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.30118

Effective Horizons for Prophet Inequalities with Discounted I.I.D. Rewards

Jung-hun Kim, Vianney Perchet

原文摘要

We study prophet inequalities for $n$ i.i.d. base rewards subject to multiplicative discounts across $S$ phases. For equal-length phases and a common discount factor $\widetildeγ$, we characterize the optimal competitive ratio of single-quantile policies as $n\to\infty$ with $S$ and $\widetildeγ$ fixed. The resulting sharp guarantee describes the dependence on the phase parameters: it recovers $1-1/e$ without discounting and approaches $1/2$ in the worst-case regime. We also establish a distribution-free comparison that bounds the discounted prophet by a fractional i.i.d. maximum with effective horizon $B$, the sum of the discount weights across all observations. The comparison yields acceptance probability $1/B$, determined only by the phase profile. This calibration attains the canonical optimum even among single-quantile policies that may choose their acceptance probability using the known base distribution. The comparison also gives guarantees for heterogeneous discounts and unequal phase lengths. A complementary optimal-stopping upper bound establishes the same limiting optimum of $1/2$ for arbitrary stopping rules in the canonical model. Finally, the same effective-horizon calibration sets acceptance probability $1-\widetildeγ$ under infinite-horizon geometric discounting. This explicit quantile rule attains Boshuizen's (1994) known optimal worst-case ratio $1/(1+\widetildeγ)$ without solving a Bellman equation.

cs.GT · cs.DM · cs.DS · econ.TH · math.OC

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.02984

Classification Aggregation with Multiple Memberships

Federico Fioravanti, Leo Kurata, Vasilis Stamatis

原文摘要

People face the problem of classifying objects into categories while aggregating their opinions. We axiomatically study such a classification aggregation problem with multiple memberships, meaning that each individual assigns one category to every object, whereas the resulting classification may assign more than one category. Under the natural settings and axioms (i.e., Independence and Supportiveness), each of our new axioms -- Responsibility, Split Stability and Rejection Stability -- characterises what we call the junta rules. The rules assign a category to an object exactly when some member of a fixed coalition does so. The coalitions that can secure an assignment form a grill, a topological structure implied by an ultrafilter. Hence, the study parallels the literature on Arrow's theorem characterised by the decisive coalition structures. An infinite population setting is also investigated to clarify the differences among the axioms.

econ.TH · cs.GT · cs.MA

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2602.20429

匿名信息下的稳健机制设计

Robust Mechanism Design with Anonymous Information

Zhihao Gavin Tang, Shixin Wang

AI 速读 基于摘要

研究卖家仅观测到竞拍者估值的一个匿名次序统计量分布时,在与之相容的所有乘积分布上最大化最坏情况期望收益的稳健拍卖设计。

econ.TH · cs.GT

查看原文摘要

In practice, auction data are often endogenously censored and anonymous, revealing only limited outcome statistics rather than full bid profiles. We study robust auction design when the seller observes only the distribution of a single anonymous order statistic of the bidders' values and seeks to maximize worst-case expected revenue over all product distributions consistent with the observed statistic. We show that simple and widely used mechanisms are robustly optimal. Specifically, posted pricing is robustly optimal given the distribution of the highest value; the Myerson auction designed for the unique consistent i.i.d. distribution, with uniformly random tie-breaking, is robustly optimal given the lowest value distribution; and the second-price auction with an optimal reserve is robustly optimal when an intermediate order statistic is observed and the implied i.i.d. distribution is regular above its reserve. Without any regularity assumption, when the second-highest value is observed, the best worst-case revenue of a second-price auction with a reserve is still at least a $2-\sqrt{2}\approx 0.586$ fraction of the optimal worst-case revenue. More generally, for a broad class of monotone symmetric mechanisms depending only on the top $k$ order statistics, including multi-unit and position auctions, the worst-case revenue is attained under the i.i.d. distribution consistent with the observed $k$-th order statistic. Our results provide a tractable foundation for non-discriminatory auction design, where fairness and privacy are intrinsic consequences of the information structure rather than imposed constraints.

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2603.27220

Cohesion-Sensitive Power Indices: Representation Results for Banzhaf and Shapley Values

Thomas Pitz, Vinicius Ferraz

原文摘要

In many applications of cooperative game theory -- from corporate governance and cartel formation to parliamentary voting -- not all winning coalitions are feasible. Ideological distances, institutional constraints, or pre-electoral agreements may render certain coalitions implausible. Classical power indices ignore this and weight all winning coalitions equally. We introduce cohesion structures to quantify coalition feasibility and axiomatically characterize two families of cohesion-sensitive power indices, represented as expected marginal contributions under Luce-type distributions. In the Banzhaf branch, coalition weights are a power transformation of cohesion; in the Shapley branch, additional axioms separate size from cohesion, recovering the classical size weights with cohesion acting within each size class. All results have been mechanically verified in Lean 4 with Mathlib. We illustrate the framework on the German Bundestag and the French Assemblée Nationale, where cordon sanitaire and double cordon scenarios produce sharp, interpretable power shifts.

econ.TH · cs.GT

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07572

Cores of $3$-distant convex games

Keisuke Bando, Toshiyuki Hirai, Kenzo Imamura, Ryuhei Mizutani

原文摘要

Convex cooperative games have a nonempty core and admit an efficient construction of core allocations. However, economically natural local frictions may violate convexity. We study the core of $3$-distant convex games, which permit violations of convexity only between closely related coalitions. Although the core of such a game may be empty, we establish a simple necessary and sufficient condition for its nonemptiness. We also develop a strongly polynomial-time combinatorial algorithm for finding a core allocation whenever one exists. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the framework to oligopolistic competition with merger synergies and profit allocation of joint production with complementary inputs.

cs.GT · econ.TH

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07494

Transparency in Team Contracts

Paul Dütting, Yingkai Li, Inbal Talgam-Cohen, Jinzhao Wu

原文摘要

In contract design, the principal is often better informed about the project's chances of succeeding than the agents. To incentivize effort, the principal has two main tools: first, to design a contract, sharing part of the project's success among the agents; second, to design a (Bayesian) persuasion scheme, selectively sharing information with the agents. In this work we are interested in the optimal combination of both these tools. We tackle the joint problem through the prism of simplicity vs. optimality, and establish a stark dichotomy: The simple disclosure scheme of full transparency achieves a tight $4/3$-approximation to the optimal combination of information disclosure and team contract, when the team's production function is submodular. In contrast, full transparency can be arbitrarily far from optimal when production is supermodular. The techniques that we develop to bound the gap for submodular functions, also yield a new deterministic polynomial-time approximation algorithm for pure multi-agent contract design, with a significantly improved approximation ratio of $2.311$, and thus a $3.081$-approximation algorithm for the joint information and contracting problem.

cs.GT · econ.TH

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2502.16800

The w-value: Market Implementation and gamma-Core Stability in Pollution-Control Games

Juanjuan Fan, Ying Wang

原文摘要

This paper proposes a novel solution concept, called the w-value, for cooperative pollution-control games. The w-value is axiomatically founded on three principles: Pareto Optimality (PO), Market Equilibrium (ME), and Fiscal Balance (FB), which together yield an efficient and implementable welfare distribution. We establish its existence and uniqueness under standard concavity and convexity assumptions, and provide a market mechanism that implements it through price constraints and an initial permit allocation. A key theoretical advantage is its strong stability: the w-value belongs to the gamma-core, which makes it resistant to coalitional deviations. Moreover, the w-value can be obtained through a simple step-by-step procedure, which facilitates its application to complex real-world problems. A numerical illustration demonstrates the step-by-step calculation process and confirms the gamma-core membership numerically. Finally, we apply the concept to international climate negotiations, showing how it provides a theoretical rationale for the shift from rigid mandatory emission reduction systems toward the flexible structure of Nationally Determined Contributions.

econ.TH · cs.GT

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07089

Polynomial-Time Computation of Extensive-Form Proper Equilibria in Two-Player Zero-Sum Games

Sam Ganzfried

原文摘要

We give a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm for computing an exact extensive-form proper equilibrium in a finite two-player zero-sum extensive-form game with perfect recall and rational data. Properness is understood in the agent normal form: an action at an information set is penalized relative to a better action while all other local behavioral choices, including the player's own future actions, remain fixed. Our algorithm assigns each information set a geometric permutahedron of allowable action probabilities. A scaled doubly stochastic representation embeds these restrictions in a polynomial-size sequence-form polytope; a saddle point then satisfies the local $\varepsilon$-properness inequalities. To obtain an exact equilibrium rather than a solution at an arbitrarily small numerical perturbation, we establish sign stability of a parametric linear system, construct a persistent feasible basis, and extract the limits of behavioral ratios. The resulting probabilities are rational and have polynomial encoding length, including at information sets whose realization probabilities vanish.

cs.GT · cs.AI · cs.MA · econ.TH

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06775

Stability and Perfection in Constrained Weighted Network Games

Julien Fixary, Rémi Castera, Rida Laraki

原文摘要

We introduce a general framework of constrained weighted network formation in which agents allocate resources across coalitional interactions while facing feasibility constraints. More precisely, we allow arbitrary coalitions of agents to be assigned a continuous weight, and we incorporate both coalitional capacity constraints and individual budget constraints into the model. This framework extends the weighted network formation model of Bich and Morhaim by combining continuous interaction intensities with endogenous feasibility restrictions. Within this setting, we introduce a new notion of stability -- called coalitionwise stability -- extending pairwise stability to constrained network games. Under standard continuity and componentwise quasiconcavity assumptions on payoff functions, we establish the existence of coalitionwise stable networks. We then investigate refinements of stability inspired by the notion of perfect equilibrium introduced by Selten, and by the notion of perfect pairwise stability developed by Bich and Teteryatnikova for network games. The presence of feasibility constraints fundamentally alters the geometry of the feasible set, which no longer possesses a product structure. As a consequence, trembling-hand type refinements become substantially more delicate, since perturbations of some interactions may render other interactions infeasible. Nevertheless, we introduce constrained analogues of both the trembling-hand and perturbative notions of perfect stability considered by Bich and Teteryatnikova, and study their existence and their relationship. In particular, we show the equivalence between these trembling-hand and perturbative formulations under some componentwise monotonicity assumption.

cs.GT · econ.TH

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2606.25997

Variable Bound Tightening for Nash Equilibrium Computation in Multiplayer Imperfect-Information Games

Sam Ganzfried

原文摘要

There has been significant recent progress in algorithms for approximation of Nash equilibrium in large two-player zero-sum imperfect-information games and exact computation of Nash equilibrium in multiplayer strategic-form games. While counterfactual regret minimization and fictitious play are scalable to large games and have convergence guarantees in two-player zero-sum games, they do not guarantee convergence to Nash equilibrium in multiplayer games. Recently, an approach has been presented for exact computation of Nash equilibrium in multiplayer imperfect-information games that solves a quadratically constrained program based on a nonlinear complementarity problem formulation derived from the sequence-form game representation. This formulation was solved using Gurobi's nonconvex quadratic solver, which employs spatial branch-and-bound to iteratively refine variable bounds by solving convex relaxations of bilinear terms. During presolve, Gurobi introduces auxiliary variables and, in some cases, binary variables, leading to an internal mixed-integer quadratically constrained program. This approach was demonstrated to outperform prior algorithms from the Gambit software suite and quickly solve three-player Kuhn poker after removal of dominated actions; however, the algorithm was not able to solve the full version of the game within 24 hours. In this paper, we derive finite bounds on slack and multiplier variables in the nonlinear complementarity formulation. These bounds can strengthen the convex relaxations used within spatial branch-and-bound. We compare uniform corollary bounds with finer proposition-based bounds on full three-player Kuhn poker. All eight bounded configurations return numerically verified equilibria in under 17 seconds, while the unbounded formulation finds no feasible solution within 300 seconds. The finest bounds do not consistently yield the fastest computation.

cs.GT · cs.AI · cs.MA · econ.TH · math.OC

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05706

Neural networks and games

Philip R. Neary

原文摘要

Hopfield neural networks and noncooperative games provide seemingly different approaches to understanding how collective outcomes emerge from local interactions. In a neural network, individual units adjust their states according to local signals; in a game, players choose actions to maximise individual payoffs. I establish an exact equivalence between symmetric binary Hopfield networks and binary-action games that admit a quadratic potential. The equivalence identifies stable network configurations with pure-strategy Nash equilibria, and asynchronous neural updating with best-response dynamics. More broadly, the storage and retrieval of memories in neural networks correspond, respectively, to the design and selection of equilibria in games.

cs.NE · cs.GT · cs.LG · econ.TH

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05705

Iterated Elimination of Dominated Mixed Strategies

Federico Echenique, Amanda Friedenberg

原文摘要

This note compares two iterated dominance procedures, one based on eliminating mixed strategies and one based on eliminating pure strategies. It shows that, in compact and continuous games, the mixed-strategy procedure can trail the pure-strategy procedure by at most one round: If the pure-strategy procedure terminates at round $M$, the mixed-strategy procedure terminates at either $M$ or $M+1$, and this bound is tight. It also provides two characterizations of the mixed-strategy procedure that are round-for-round equivalent to it and that require checking for improvements only against opponents' pure strategies.

econ.TH · cs.GT

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.24973

A Bulow-Klemperer Theorem for Bundling and Improved Approximation Bounds for Simple Auctions

Yichen Huang

原文摘要

We study simple auctions for one additive bidder whose values for $m$ items are independent. Write $\mathrm{REV}$ for the optimal revenue, $\mathrm{SREV}$ and $\mathrm{BREV}$ for the optimal revenues from separate selling and grand bundling, and $\mathrm{BSPA}_2$ for the grand-bundle second-price revenue with two independent bidders. For independent regular items, we prove $\mathrm{REV} \le \mathrm{BSPA}_2 \le 2\,\mathrm{BREV}$. Thus, one additional bidder lets a reserve-free second-price auction for the grand bundle match the optimal revenue from one bidder, regardless of the number of items. This gives a Bulow-Klemperer theorem for bundling and resolves an open question of Beyhaghi, Cai, Feng, Li, and Weinberg (EC 2025) on whether constant competition suffices for bundling. The factor-$2$ bundling approximation is also tight. For general independent items, we prove $\mathrm{REV} \le \mathrm{SREV} + \frac{π^2}{6}\mathrm{BREV} \le 2.645 \max\{\mathrm{SREV}, \mathrm{BREV}\}$. This improves the previous approximation factors of $6$ from Babaioff, Immorlica, Lucier, and Weinberg (FOCS 2014, JACM 2020) and $5.2$ from Ma and Simchi-Levi (AISTATS 2021). For the lower bound, we construct an instance in which pricing three disjoint bundles earns more than $2.11\max\{\mathrm{SREV},\mathrm{BREV}\}$, improving the previous lower bound of $2$ from Rubinstein (ITCS 2016). Together, these results narrow the tight approximation ratio to the range $[2.11, 2.645]$.

cs.GT · econ.TH

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05221

Colonel Blotto 博弈中的高效均衡计算

Efficient Equilibrium Computation in Colonel Blotto Games

Martin Bichler, Abheek Ghosh

AI 速读 基于摘要

作者提出一个全多项式时间近似方案,用于计算经典连续版 Colonel Blotto 博弈的 ε-Nash 均衡。

cs.GT · cs.DS · econ.TH

查看原文摘要

Colonel Blotto is a fundamental resource-allocation game in which two players divide their budgets across battlefields, and the higher allocation on each battlefield wins its value. The problem of computing an equilibrium efficiently has remained unresolved for its classical continuous version with arbitrary budgets and with values that may vary across battlefields but are the same for both players. We give a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme that computes an $\varepsilon$-Nash equilibrium in time polynomial in the input length and $1/\varepsilon$, and nearly linear in the input length for fixed $\varepsilon$. For sufficiently balanced budgets and battlefield values, we also compute exact equilibria in linear time.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05092

Search and Verification for Strategyproof Facility Location on Metric Graphs

Krzysztof Rogowski, Marcin Dziubiński

原文摘要

We study automated design of strategyproof (SP) mechanisms for randomized facility location on continuous metric graphs, with the objective of minimizing total distance. We develop methods for computing upper and lower bounds on the optimal approximation ratio achievable by SP mechanisms for a given graph and number of agents. For the lower bound, we propose a cost-preserving reduction to a finite domain that yields lower bounds for unrestricted SP mechanisms through linear programming dual certificates. For the upper bound, we introduce finite representations of mechanisms, called piecewise-linear attributions (PL attributions), that mix piecewise-linear deterministic mechanisms using affine weights on a triangulation of the report space. We show that for mechanisms represented by PL attributions, checking SP and an approximation guarantee reduces to finitely many quadratic nonnegativity tests over compact polytopes. With exact arithmetic and comparisons, each verification certifies the proposed property or returns locations where it fails. In addition, we introduce a strengthening of the incentive notion called strong strategyproofness. We show that for fixed component mechanisms and regions of a PL attribution, the strong strategyproofness requirement can be expressed by a finite number of linear constraints on the attribution coefficients. Using these theoretical results, we propose a heuristic procedure for computing an upper bound on the approximation ratio. We compute certified upper and lower bounds on several metric graphs and numerically evaluate the proposed search procedure. Lastly, we show that deterministic SP onto mechanisms on graphs are strongly strategyproof and admit PL attributions. Thus restricting attention to strongly strategyproof mechanisms admitting PL attributions loses no deterministic SP onto mechanisms.

cs.GT · econ.TH

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2607.10064

Fair Division with Binary Valuations: Characterizations

Florian Brandl, Warut Suksompong, Nicholas Teh

原文摘要

We consider the fair allocation of indivisible goods with binary valuations. In this setting, the maximum Nash welfare rule, the leximin rule, and all additive welfarist rules with a strictly concave function coincide. We show that for any number of agents, this rule is the only rule that satisfies envy-freeness up to one good, strategyproofness, neutrality, minimal completeness, and invariance under disapproving unassigned goods (IDU). Moreover, we present an alternative characterization for two agents, where we replace IDU with non-redundancy and resource-monotonicity. In both characterizations, all axioms are necessary.

econ.TH · cs.GT

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04859

Bankruptcy Rules for Strategic Agents

Yosef Zumer, Erel Segal-Halevi, David Sarne

原文摘要

Bankruptcy rules are rules for dividing an insufficient estate among people with different claims. Existing rules assume that the claims are publicly known. When this is not the case, claimants have a strong incentive to claim more than they are due, as bankruptcy rules give larger allocations to claimants with larger claims. A remedy often used by legal systems is to make over-reporting costly by requiring evidence and imposing penalties. But this remedy also increases the legal expenses of proving true claims, which might result in under-reporting. Encouraging true reporting requires fine-tuning of the legal costs. This paper incorporates the costs of supporting both true and false claims into the bankruptcy model. Claimants incur costs for the true and false parts of their claims, with false claims costing at least as much per unit as true claims. The goal is to set cost rates that induce claimants to report their true entitlements, neither more nor less. Whether this is possible depends on the allocation rule. The proportional and constrained equal awards rules cannot guarantee truthfulness at any positive true-claim cost rate; the same holds for constrained equal losses with at least three claimants. For $N\ge2$ claimants, the rule TAL-1/N from the parameterized Talmud family induces truthfulness exactly when the true-claim cost rate is at most 1/N and the false-claim cost rate is at least 1-1/N. This rule is optimal in the sense that its truthful cost region contains that of every piecewise smooth allocation rule: it gives the legal system the maximum possible flexibility in setting the legal costs. For two claimants, TAL-1/2 (aka Contested Garment rule) uniquely attains this optimal region.

econ.TH · cs.GT

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04686

Designing AI-Mediated Communication in Teams

Wichinpong Park Sinchaisri, Zhiwei Wang

原文摘要

AI assistants increasingly participate in work that requires employees to exchange information and coordinate decisions. We study how a firm should design this communication when workers' interests conflict with each other's and the firm's. Two workers privately know local conditions and their preferred responses, while the assistant knows aggregate project conditions. The firm discloses project information before workers report and choose their own actions. Transparency improves adaptation but can undermine truthful preference reporting. When workers agree with the firm on the productive direction, coarsening project information under weak coordination can preserve useful preference reporting at a cost in forecast precision. Under strong coordination, the firm instead prefers full project disclosure and factual reports, because preference information induces costly accommodation of private objectives. Under weak coordination, a firm-optimal policy can leave workers worse off than direct exchange; requiring their acceptance can call for further coarsening. Releasing project context after reports can sustain factual communication that early release would prevent. With separate delivery decisions that cannot be revised jointly, endogenous forwarding weakly improves firm-preferred performance over unchanged forwarding and strictly improves it in some environments. Numerical comparisons show that full initial disclosure captures most gains in the aligned environments considered, while further design has greater value when workers can favor opposing directions. The results distinguish the credibility of employees' reports from their organizational value and show how disclosure timing affects both.

cs.GT · econ.TH

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.18147

Dynamic Pooling and Regional Participation in Deceased-Donor Organ Allocation

Genta Okada

原文摘要

Moving from geographically fragmented to pooled waiting lists in deceased-donor organ transplantation can improve efficiency, but it raises concerns about regional fairness and participation incentives. This paper studies Pareto gains from such transitions in a multi-class queueing model with impatient agents, perishable items, and a tractable homogeneous compatibility friction. In contrast to standard approaches that emphasize static match quality or overlook regional incentives in dynamic contexts, this analysis identifies dynamic risk pooling as the primary source of Pareto improvements for regions. Pooling reduces organ waste resulting from stochastic supply-demand fluctuations, temporal mismatches, and random compatibility outcomes. Although this dynamic surplus theoretically enables Pareto improvements, a purely utilitarian policy that treats all patients equally across regions often fails to achieve these improvements when regions are asymmetric. In these situations, utilitarian redistribution removes an excessive number of organs from high-supply regions and violates their participation constraints. To address this conflict, it is demonstrated that the set of achievable utilities can be represented by mixtures of static priority index policies. Building on this structure, the Constrained Pareto Frontier Search (CPFS) is proposed as a polynomial-time procedure that computes an approximately optimal allocation policy with arbitrarily small participation-constraint violations. The results indicate that, by adjusting priority indices to ensure redistribution remains within the gains from pooled supply, demand, and compatibility risk, policymakers can achieve global efficiency while maintaining local participation incentives.

econ.TH · cs.GT

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03409

On inverse aggregate network assignment games

Joseph Y. J. Chow

原文摘要

To design platforms for multi-operator mobility markets coordinating their operations or infrastructure to support them, models are needed to understand the behavior of these operators and travelers in a shared network. Assignment games can prove useful, but operationalizing them requires adopting a more generalized aggregate assignment game framework that allows for identification and estimation. We extend such a framework to aggregate network assignment games, proposing a path-based formulation and a PURC-based formulation along with solution algorithms. An inverse optimization model is proposed for the link-based formulation. It is solved by a quadratic program that separates into a buyer block, which retains the node potentials and imposes every observed zero-flow cell, and a seller block. This estimator, introduced in the literature for uncapacitated route choice, is extended here to a capacitated two-sided market, with rationing prices supported on observed binding links and operator supply scales estimated by group. Computational tests with a toy network demonstrate the economic value of these models. A large-scale Long Island Rail Road network example (897 nodes, 671 census tracts, 123 LIRR stations, 8,320 directed links) is calibrated to 2026 fares, timetabled seat supply and National Transit Database operating costs. With 10-50% of links sampled, the misspecified inverse model fits oracle link flows with R^2>=96%. Held-out link error falls from 29% to 19%, correlations with the true rationing prices rise from 49% to 75%, and social optimal gross surplus is recovered within 6%. Deadweight loss is overestimated by 10-17%. Ablation tests show that ignoring the inactive cells more than doubles the held-out error and, at 30-50% sampling, roughly halves the correlation of the pricing wedge, while ignoring the rationing prices degrades every metric.

cs.GT · econ.TH