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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.17186

Cortex-FL:面向联邦学习的智能体中介协作

Cortex-FL: Agent-Mediated Collaboration for Federated Learning

Rui Sun, Jinfeng Peng, Zehua Cheng, Jiahao Sun, Zhipeng Wang

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出智能体原生的联邦学习系统 Cortex-FL,让用户用自然语言表达学习目标,由智能体完成协作者发现、参与协商、训练协调与激励结算。

cs.AI · cs.MA

查看原文摘要

Federated learning (FL) enables independent data owners to train models collaboratively without centralizing raw data. However, identifying collaborators, preparing training tasks, and coordinating execution and incentives hinder its practical adoption by organizations without specialized expertise. We present Cortex-FL, an agent-native FL system that enables users to express learning objectives in natural language and delegate the collaboration required to train a model. Agents translate these objectives into shared tasks, discover collaborators, and negotiate participation agreements, connecting collaboration formation with distributed training and incentive management. The architecture separates agent coordination from local execution authority, allowing owners to delegate coordination while retaining control over their data, computation, and financial commitments. We demonstrate the complete workflow on a four-node deployment, in which a model requested in natural language proceeds through collaboration formation, contract-governed training, verified model delivery, and x402 settlement on a blockchain testnet.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16317

Wanda-Guided Sparse Perturbations for Efficient Zeroth-Order Optimization

Ziqing Wen, Xiaohui Song, Jiahuan Wang, Ping Luo, Junlin Zeng, Dongsheng Li, Tao Sun

原文摘要

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization enables memory-efficient fine-tuning of large language models through forward-only evaluations, but high-dimensional random perturbations can limit optimization efficiency. Sparse perturbations reduce the search dimension, making the selection of informative coordinates critical. We propose Wanda-Importance Sparsity-MeZO (WIS-MeZO), which uses Wanda weight--activation saliency to construct task-conditioned sparse perturbation masks while keeping the pretrained model dense. We analyze support quality through gradient energy capture and relate it to gradient estimation and convergence. Across 16 benchmarks with LLaMA and Qwen models ranging from 3B to 32B parameters, WIS-MeZO achieves higher aggregate scores than MeZO and reaches comparable validation losses in fewer optimization steps. Comparisons with random and magnitude-based sparse perturbations further highlight the importance of informative support selection.

cs.LG · cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16163

Generative AI models for exploring diffusion dynamics from multi-frame particle tracking

Jianan Wei, Qiang Zhang, Hao Sun, Yi Yang, Wenguan Wang

原文摘要

Particle-based volumetric flow measurement techniques have proven their efficacy in quantitatively assessing the dynamic characteristics of unsteady flows within the realm of fluid mechanics. Despite recent advances in multi-frame particle tracking, an open challenge in this area is maintaining trajectories in temporally under-sampled 3D sequences, where inter-frame displacements are large. In this work, we develop DiffTR-Flow3D, a diffusion-based model that estimates flow motion from spatiotemporal three-dimensional particle recordings via a stochastic diffusion process. DiffTR-Flow3D conditions the diffusion process with both global and local particle dynamics and enhances flow estimation by leveraging historical particle trajectories. Extensive experiments, including numerical simulations and real-world measurements, demonstrate that DiffTR-Flow3D achieves state-of-the-art displacement estimation accuracy compared with learning-based flow estimators, and, when integrated into particle tracking pipelines, substantially improves their long-term tracking performance, while exhibiting robustness and generalization across diverse flow patterns. This work is expected to provide fluid researchers with an effective tool for the consistent and precise analysis of particle trajectories in temporally under-sampled 3D sequences with large inter-frame displacements.

physics.flu-dyn · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.14981

From a Single RGB Image to Robot Execution: Metric Scene Alignment and Contact-Guided Retargeting

Zhenxuan Ding, Yu Huang, Xinmiao Wang, Chenghao Sun, Ziyang Dong, Wenhao Cui

原文摘要

Extending humanoid interaction generation to new environments remains limited by the need for prebuilt 3D scene assets. Reconstructing scenes directly from single RGB images offers a way to overcome this limitation, but introduces a key challenge in maintaining geometric consistency throughout motion generation and transfer. Visually plausible human motions may be misaligned with the reconstructed scene, while retargeting can introduce additional support errors due to differences between human and robot embodiments. We present a unified pipeline that transforms a single RGB image into a humanoid motion reference. It reconstructs scene geometry from the input image, generates a human interaction conditioned on the reconstructed scene, and retargets the motion to a humanoid robot. To maintain geometric consistency throughout this process, we incorporate two complementary refinement stages before and after embodiment transfer. Before retargeting, Joint Metric Interaction Refinement (JMIR) refines human motion alignment with the registered metric scene while preserving the generated interaction structure. Following retargeting, Contact Guided Residual Retargeting (CGRR) corrects robot specific support errors to restore the intended support relationships. Together, these stages produce motion references that are consistent with the reconstructed scene and can be followed by multiple pretrained humanoid trackers without scene specific policy fine tuning. Compared with GRAIL, our method reduces refinement time from 480 s to 87 s, yielding a speedup of 5.5 times. The complete pipeline achieves a success rate of 89% in simulation and 70% across 50 physical trials on the Unitree G1, demonstrating its effectiveness in generating executable humanoid motion references from single RGB images.

cs.RO

版本更新 · v5arXiv:2605.12374

Fill the GAP: A Granular Alignment Paradigm for Visual Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models

Yanting Miao, Yutao Sun, Dexin Wang, Mengyu Zhou, Pascal Poupart, Lei Lv, Qi Zhao, Li Wang 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Visual latent reasoning lets a multimodal large language model (MLLM) create intermediate visual evidence as continuous tokens, avoiding external tools or image generators. However, existing methods usually follow an output-as-input latent paradigm and yield unstable gains. We identify a feature-space mismatch behind this instability: dominant visual-latent models build on pre-norm MLLMs and reuse decoder hidden states as predicted latent inputs, even though these states occupy a substantially different norm regime from the input embeddings the model was trained to consume. This mismatch makes direct latent feedback unreliable. Motivated by this diagnosis, we propose GAP, a Granular Alignment Paradigm for visual latent modeling. GAP aligns visual latent reasoning at three levels: data-level alignment grounds latent targets with inspectable auxiliary visual supervision; feature-level alignment maps decoder outputs into input-compatible visual latents through a lightweight PCA-aligned latent head; and model-level alignment assigns latent supervision selectively to examples where the base MLLM struggles. On Qwen2.5-VL 7B, GAP achieves the best aggregate perception and reasoning scores among all compared methods and is the only evaluated latent method that improves both over the base model. Inference-time interventions further show that generated latents carry task-relevant visual signal rather than merely adding token slots. Code is available at https://github.com/Qwen-Applications/GAP.

cs.CV · cs.AI · cs.LG

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2511.17044

Parametric Retrieval-Augmented Generation using Latent Routing of LoRA Adapters

Zhan Su, Fengran Mo, Jinghan Zhang, Yuchen Hui, Jiaao Sun, Jian-yun Nie

原文摘要

Parametric Retrieval-Augmented Generation (PRAG) is a RAG approach that integrates external knowledge directly into model parameters using a LoRA adapter, aiming at reducing the inference cost compared to traditional RAG. However, current PRAG approaches adopt a \textit{one-to-one} document encoding scheme, using a dedicated LoRA adapter for each individual document. This scheme introduces two major limitations: 1) As the number of documents increases, there will be a prohibitive cost for training and storage. 2) The LoRA adapters may largely overlap due to the shared knowledge across documents, making the approach highly inefficient. To overcome these challenges, we propose the Poly-PRAG approach, which uses a small set of LoRA adapters that are able to encode more general knowledge. Each document can be encoded using a combination of them through a latent routing function. By jointly training the LoRA adapters and the latent routing function, each LoRA adapter is able to encode a shared part of the knowledge across documents, and the routing function can select the best combination of adapters for a document. Experimental results on four benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the Poly-PRAG compared to other strong PRAG baselines. In addition, this approach reduces the storage requirement by avoiding the need to store a large number of LoRA adapters and offers a more efficient way to encode external knowledge into LLMs.

cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.14102

Mobility-Aware Task Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing-Empowered Space-Air-Ground Integrated Internet-of-Things Networks

Minghao Sun, Jinghuai Xiong, Xiaoli Chu, Zitian Zhang

原文摘要

Mobile edge computing (MEC)-empowered spaceair-ground integrated Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks (SAGIINs) provide a promising solution for computation-intensive tasks generated by mobile IoT devices (IDs). However, task offloading in SAGIINs is challenging due to time-varying IDto-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) channels, intermittent LEO satellite service availability, and the coupling among UAV trajectory, communication, computation, and energy decisions. This paper investigates an energy-efficient task offloading and UAV trajectory planning problem in an MEC-empowered SAGIIN, where one UAV acts as both an aerial relay and an MEC server, and multiple LEO satellites provide supplementary computing resources. The UAV trajectory planning, task splitting, and computing resource allocation are jointly optimized to minimize the total system energy consumption under task completion, communication, computation, flight region, and satellite service window constraints. The resulting non-convex problem is decomposed into a UAV trajectory planning subproblem and a task splitting and computing resource allocation subproblem. To solve the former, a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)-assisted large language model (LLM)-enhanced deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm, termed RLD, is proposed. The latter is shown to be convex and can be solved by using CVXPY for a given UAV trajectory. A weighted retrieval score is further designed to balance ID mobility-pattern similarity and historical UAV trajectory energy performance. Simulation results show that RLD completes all computational tasks in previously unseen test scenarios while consuming less total energy than the benchmark algorithms.

cs.NI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11861

Scaling Adaptive Prompt Injection Attacks with Agent Swarms

Alexey Kurakin, Vishal Karande, Alex Bie, Chongyang Shi, Shuang Song, Saeed Mahloujifar, Abdullatif Köksal, Jamie Hayes 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Prompt injections have emerged as one of the top security risks faced by AI agents today. Early work in prompt injection attacks looked at simple tool-call agents and static attack payloads, and were saturated since mid-2025. As of Fall 2026, human red-teaming may be nearing saturation, especially on the Gemini family of models. In this work, we argue that despite this apparent plateau, prompt injection attacks are still possible and continued effort into prompt injection defense is needed. We design a new synthetic evaluation dataset which uses random non-malicious actions as adversarial goals. Such dataset design helps us to evaluate prompt injection robustness as a model ability to respect instruction hierarchy, and disentangle this ability from model knowledge of security practices. We show that an agentic attacker of increased capabilities can reliably trick model to follow instructions in tool output in our evaluation, even for models previously considered robust on public prompt injection benchmarks such as GraySwan Arena. This shows that current frontier defenses may require proactive, automated red-teaming to remain resilient to increasingly capable adversaries.

cs.CR · cs.LG

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2606.26092

TryOnCrafter: Unleashing Camera Trajectories for Realistic Video Virtual Try-on via a Renderable 4D Try-on Proxy

Hao Sun, Hao Yan, Mengting Chen, Quanjian Song, Yu Li, Juan Cao, Jinsong Lan, Xiaoyong Zhu 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

While Video Virtual Try-on (VVT) has achieved remarkable progress in synthesizing realistic garment overlays on dynamic subjects, existing paradigms remains fundamentally constrained by a passive dependency on source camera trajectories, failing to accommodate the requisite interactive freedom for omnidirectional viewpoint exploration. To address this limitation, we define a pioneering research frontier: Camera-controllable Video Virtual Try-on (CaM-VVT). Unlike conventional VVT, CaM-VVT not only necessitates viewpoint-agnostic texture hallucination but also strict structural synchronization between non-rigid human dynamics and background contexts under arbitrary, unconstrained camera movements. To tackle these challenges, we present TryOnCrafter, the first unified DiT-based framework specifically architected for the CaM-VVT task. Departing from implicit pixel-space manipulation, we introduce a Renderable 4D Try-on Proxy that explicitly decouples the human subject from the environment. This is achieved by distilling high-fidelity 2D try-on priors into a clothed 3DGS-based avatar, which is subsequently animated via SMPL-X sequences and metric-aligned into a reconstructed background point cloud. This proxy establishes a robust structural foundation with superior texture density and motion integrity. Our Proxy-Anchored Video DiT leverages this robust structural foundation as a primary geometric anchor, ensuring that the synthesized photorealistic videos are strictly constrained by prescribed trajectories and physically plausible deformations. Benefiting from the inherent editability of the 4D proxy, TryOnCrafter facilitates diverse downstream applications, including human relocalization, ``bullet time'' effects, and $360$-degree orbital viewing.

cs.CV

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.12468

DreamTrue: Action-Faithful Robot World Model with Counterfactual Post-Training

Junyan Li, Ruizhi Li, Yu Liu, Xiangshuo Liu, Mingchao Sun, Hongyu Pan, Mu Xu, Lue Fan 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

We present DreamTrue, a multi-view, cross-embodiment robot world model for action-faithful and physically plausible video prediction. Training such a model on existing robot datasets faces two obstacles: imprecise calibration can impair action following, while limited coverage of unsuccessful interactions can bias predictions toward successful outcomes. To improve action following across embodiments, we render action trajectories into image-space conditions and introduce offline geometric calibration to align these conditions with the target videos. To broaden interaction coverage, we introduce counterfactual post-training, modifying recorded action trajectories and generating future videos under a wider range of actions and contact configurations. To provide feedback on these predictions without paired ground-truth futures, we construct a human-annotated video dataset covering robot, object, and interaction defects and use it to train an embodied video reward model. Its scores guide reinforcement-learning post-training toward more physically plausible interaction outcomes. On AgiBot, DreamTrue attains state-of-the-art action following, while reducing the human-assessed interaction defect rate from from 48.12% to 6.25%. Notably, our model ranks first in the world model track of the AgiBot World Challenge 2026. The project page can be found at https://brave-eai.github.io/DreamTrue.

cs.RO · cs.CV

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11455

Coding Agents Propagate Vulnerabilities in Code Bases

Chenhao Sun, Niels Mündler-Sasahara, Mark Vero, Martin Vechev

原文摘要

LLM-based coding agents are widely used to develop critical production software. Even though coding agents are known to occasionally write vulnerable code, there has not been any investigation into how code base vulnerabilities evolve over time under coding agent contributions. In this work, we close this gap by investigating whether and how vulnerabilities in existing code lead coding agents to introduce similar vulnerabilities in the code they write. We first evaluate coding agents on 96 tasks that require implementing a new backend application in a repository where other applications already exist. Second, we investigate repository-level code generation on 20 pairs of tasks in real C/C++ projects. In each task, the agent is asked to complete code critical to memory safety. We find that in both settings, insecure existing code leads to agents writing vulnerable code more often. In backend generation, insecure neighbors reduce the share of correct and secure implementations by 3.4% on average, and in C/C++ repository-level coding, the average gap between secure and insecure contexts reaches 35.4%. Prompting to follow existing code-style or to be careful about security increases, respectively decreases, how strongly agents propagate vulnerabilities, but neither stops them. When asked to explain their implementation choices, coding agents attribute them to following another code site in 76.5% of cases, even though they recognize the introduced vulnerability in 69.9% of cases. These findings show that agents use existing vulnerabilities as templates for new ones indiscriminatorily, turning each contribution into an opportunity to introduce more vulnerabilities. As such, as agents write a growing share of production code under decreasing human review, code bases can increasingly degrade in security if security vulnerabilities are not thoroughly fixed continuously.

cs.CR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11273

Task-adaptive anonymisation enables privacy-preserving sharing of clinical speech data

Ziyun Cui, Haoyu Niu, Wen Wu, Hao Sun, Sihan Zhang, Chang Lei, Yun Zhang, Chunyun Sun 等 15 位作者

原文摘要

Clinical speech is increasingly used for disease screening and clinical assessment, but directly distributing speech recordings poses privacy risks because they contain both speaker-identifying voiceprints and sensitive spoken content. Existing speech anonymisation approaches are primarily developed for general speech applications or task-specific clinical speech and overlook that different clinical tasks rely on distinct speech characteristics, necessitating task-adaptive anonymisation strategies to protect patient privacy while preserving clinical utility. Here we introduce CASA, a clinically adaptive speech anonymisation agent that transforms anonymisation from a fixed processing procedure into a task-guided optimisation process, dynamically tailoring voiceprint and content anonymisation to task-specific privacy and clinical utility requirements. Through recursive self-improvement (RSI), CASA iteratively evaluates and refines anonymisation strategies against task-specific privacy and clinical utility requirements, while learning from these outcomes to guide more efficient planning in subsequent clinical tasks. CASA is validated across 14 clinical tasks encompassing five languages, diverse elicitation paradigms, and mental health, cognitive and voice disorders. CASA preserved disease-related classification performance while meeting speaker-anonymisation requirements across all clinical tasks, versus only 8/14 for the strongest fixed method. Assessments of resistance to speaker re-identification by external attackers and identification and redaction of sensitive personal information in clinical speech further demonstrated CASA's dual protection of speaker identity and sensitive spoken content. Clinical expert assessments further supported the preservation of clinically relevant information and the acceptability of anonymised speech for controlled research sharing.

eess.AS · cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.10884

Keeping LLM Agents on Procedure: Executable Finite-State Control for Long-Horizon Instruction Fidelity

Yutao Sun, Haokun Li, Mingshuai Chen, Guanyan Li, Zhongyi Wang, Shengchao Qin, Jianwei Yin

原文摘要

Much of the automation handed to language-model agents is procedural: each step needs little intelligence, but a long unattended run must follow a skill or SOP stated once at the start. We show that agents drift from such procedures over long runs, and that restating the instructions or resuming a stopped agent only moves the drift to another shortcut. We study an executable finite-state machine (FSM) that keeps the workflow state outside the model's context and enforces it at three points: tool calls, state transitions and the end of the agent's turn. In a pre-registered experiment on 200-account SOP-Bench batches, Claude Haiku 4.5 with the FSM decided on average 139 accounts correctly and by the procedure, against 48 for the strongest baseline (95% CI of the difference [46, 130]), and kept this rate to the end; across three models, the gain tracked how much the plain agent drifted. Because the runtime, not the model, supplies this long-horizon reliability, the FSM can let small models carry procedural work: Haiku 4.5 with it averaged more such decisions than plain Claude Sonnet 4.6 at 38% of the cost. Analyses on SWE-bench Verified, $τ^2$-bench, and staged and cross-context workflows further suggest that reliable long-horizon automation can come from stronger execution control, not only stronger models.

cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.09191

Bootstrap Your Own AV-Proxies: Adaptive Contrastive and Prototype Learning for Audio-Visual Segmentation

Junbo Zhang, Hang Su, Zhaofan Li, Hang Dong, Chao Sun

原文摘要

Audio-Visual Segmentation (AVS) aims to accurately segment sounding objects in video frames by leveraging audio-visual correspondence cues. However, it remains challenging due to the intrinsic semantic incompleteness within a single modality and the semantic gap between audio and visual representations. Traditional feature-fusion decoding approaches struggle to suppress fusion noise effectively, while recent methods that incorporate data-dependent priors often increase the complexity of modeling audio-visual correlations, leading to poor cross-domain generalization. To address these issues, we propose a novel adaptive contrastive and prototype learning framework, BYOAVP, for AVS. Specifically, we design a Self-Supervised Audio Enhancement (SSAE) module that introduces contrastive learning to adaptively align audio representations with gradient-blocked visual embeddings, thus narrowing the semantic gap between modalities. Furthermore, a Dynamic Prototype Constraint (DPC) module is developed to refine pixel-wise category perception via momentum-based prototype updating, while enhancing localization of sounding regions through cross-modal interaction. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves SOTA performance across two AVS benchmarks and six sub-tasks, exhibiting strong robustness and generalization ability.

cs.CV

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.06423

RiskFlow: Fast and Faithful Safety-Critical Traffic Scenario Generation

Jie Li, Qi Lan, Yining Tang, Yu Shen, Yi Zhou, Yuhao Wei, Guofa Li, Hao Sun

原文摘要

Safety-critical traffic scenario generation is essential for evaluating autonomous driving systems under rare but high-risk interactions. Existing diffusion-based methods offer strong controllability in closed-loop generation, but their iterative denoising process is computationally expensive and may accumulate sampling and guidance errors over long rollouts, causing unrealistic motion artifacts such as abnormal acceleration and off-road behavior. To address these issues, we propose RiskFlow, a closed-loop safety-critical traffic generation framework that reformulates future behavior generation as one-step flow transport in the action space during training. At test time, RiskFlow generates safety-critical interactions through a selective guidance procedure in which time-to-collision-based critical-agent ranking selects high-risk agents and an adversarial interaction objective directly refines their output actions. Vehicle-dynamics rollout and map-aware regularization then translate guided actions into feasible trajectories while discouraging off-road behavior. By intervening on selected agents in the output space, RiskFlow avoids repeated corrections of intermediate denoising states, thereby mitigating accumulated guidance errors and accelerating closed-loop scenario generation. Experiments on the nuScenes dataset under closed-loop evaluation show that RiskFlow achieves a strong adversariality-realism trade-off across multi-agent and long-horizon settings. Compared with representative baselines, RiskFlow consistently improves realism while maintaining competitive safety-critical generation capability, and substantially reduces inference time for evaluation.

cs.RO · cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.09045

When to Trust the BIM: Identifiability-Aware LiDAR-Inertial--BIM Fusion under As-Built Deviations

Yujie Zhang, Yuxuan Guo, Xinbao Sun, Chunlei Zhao, Langqi Miao, Xiaohui Jia, Jinyue Liu

原文摘要

Building information models (BIM) can provide a global geometric reference for robot localization with LiDAR-inertial odometry (LIO). However, as-built deviations from the as-designed model mean that a disagreement between a scan and the BIM may arise from a pose error, an offset wall surface (an as-built deviation or an unmodeled object in front of the wall), or a shifted room, and in some geometries these explanations produce identical observations. In this paper, we formalize this attribution problem as fault identification over three fault classes and derive a geometric criterion for when attribution is possible. Building on it, we propose an identifiability-aware method that reports an attribution only when the fault is attributable; otherwise, it retains the candidates, defers BIM updates and BIM-based pose corrections in the ambiguous directions, and recovers once new references arrive. In the pre-registered two-dimensional study, on cases whose fault is detectable but not attributable, the method's conditional error rate was 0.83%, against 31.67% for a baseline with uncertainty-based abstention at the same answer rate. On the 5,600 attributable cases, the method reported a unique attribution 5,574 times, with no incorrect attributions. In paired fault injections in a laboratory room with its IFC model and on three floors of the SLABIM dataset, it raised no off-target attribution (0 of 168 conditions in the laboratory; 0 of 1,302 on SLABIM) and attributed all eight laboratory faults predicted to be attributable, whereas both reproduced baselines raised off-target structural flags in every setting.

cs.RO

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.08097

STEP:面向感知型人形机器人运动的显式预测时空训练

STEP: Spatiotemporal Training with Explicit Prediction for Perceptive Humanoid Locomotion

Youhao Lyu, Chenghao Sun, Zhenxuan Ding, Shuting Zhang, Ziyang Dong, Wenhao Cui

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出一阶段框架 STEP,在共享控制表示中联合监督跨模态关系与动作依赖的状态演化,用于感知型人形机器人运动。

cs.RO

查看原文摘要

For perceptive humanoid locomotion, the relevance of terrain geometry depends on the robot's body state and how both evolve under its actions. Existing work has advanced terrain-aware sensory fusion and cross-modal prediction, improving how visual and proprioceptive information is combined and related. However, feature aggregation alone does not specify which cross-modal relationships should be learned, while prediction between simultaneous observations does not explicitly constrain their action-dependent evolution. We present Spatiotemporal Training with Explicit Prediction (STEP), a one-stage framework that jointly supervises cross-modal relationships and action-dependent state evolution within a shared control representation. Multiple learned queries aggregate depth and proprioceptive tokens into a compact policy state. Bidirectional masked prediction uses each visible modality to predict latent features of the omitted modality, explicitly supervising terrain-body relationships. An action-conditioned predictor maps the current policy state and executed action to the next fused state, with an exponential-moving-average target defined directly in the policy representation space. Simulation comparisons show overall improvements in terrain traversal over evaluated fusion alternatives and ablations, while depth-dropout and delay experiments demonstrate the benefits of both predictive objectives under degraded visual input. Deployed on a 23-DoF Noetix E1 humanoid with onboard sensing, STEP succeeds in 98 of 100 hardware trials across stairs, a 40\,cm platform, a 70\,cm gap, stepping stones, and backward stair traversal without rearward terrain visibility.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.08056

Terrain-Indexed Motion Priors and Geometric Support for Extreme Humanoid Parkour

Chenghao Sun, Youhao Lyu, Zizheng Li, Shuting Zhang, Ziyang Dong, Wenhao Cui

原文摘要

We present a progressive imitation framework that learns terrain-appropriate humanoid parkour skills and subsequently adapts their hand--knee support. Human demonstrations provide traversal behaviors, but their contact patterns need not suit a robot's proportions or the available support surfaces. Our framework changes the role of demonstrations across three stages: privileged imitation produces physically executable robot references; terrain-indexed adversarial motion priors guide skill acquisition; and geometric support guidance with a reduced motion-prior weight enables contact adaptation. Candidate-based precontact attraction and actual-contact evaluation guide support without prescribing a contact sequence. The deployed policy selects behaviors from onboard depth, proprioception, and velocity commands without an external skill label. On the Noetix E1, the policy achieves 96.34\% hybrid success in simulation and transfers without real-world policy fine-tuning, completing 29 of 30 individual obstacle trials and four of five hybrid courses. Support-adaptation ablations show higher traversal success for the complete adaptation stage on the tested terrains, while qualitative observations show changes in contact placement. These results support acquiring skills from demonstrations before relaxing their influence to accommodate robot-specific support configurations.

cs.RO

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.21569

Decoupled Safety Control: A Safety-Control Algorithm for Training-Free Safety Guidance

Huilin Zhou, Ruoxi Cheng, Yuhang Wang, Yuming Liu, Minghao Sun, Ruolong Ma, Lan Zhang

原文摘要

Diffusion models achieve strong performance in text-to-image generation, but they can still produce unsafe content. Training-free safety guidance offers a practical inference-time alternative that intervenes during sampling without modifying model weights. However, many existing safeguards still rely on a coupled safety-control chain. In this chain, the same unsafe condition simultaneously specifies what should be avoided, indicates the current unsafe signal, constructs the intervention, and determines when that intervention remains active. This coupling can work when unsafe factors are explicit, but becomes less reliable once harmful and benign semantics are entangled in the current generation state, often leaving residual unsafe content or unnecessarily degrading benign-generation quality or prompt fidelity. We address this problem with Decoupled Safety Control (DSC), a plug-in safety-control algorithm for training-free safety guidance. DSC reformulates training-free safety guidance as an explicit state-dependent control process, so the executed intervention is determined from the current generation state rather than inherited directly from a single unsafe condition. Experiments on standard safety benchmarks show that DSC improves representative latent- and text-space safeguards, achieving stronger unsafe-content suppression while preserving benign-generation quality and maintaining efficient inference.

cs.CV

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07301

ArtiVidRM: Verifiable Artifact-as-Rubric Reward Modeling for Explicit Quality Articulation in Video Generation

Caorui Li, Yangguang Ji, Shuxia Lin, Yu Chen, YiCheng Xiao, Yongliang Wu, Zhenxiang Jiang, Licheng Tang 等 15 位作者

原文摘要

Reinforcement learning has become an effective approach for improving video generation, but its success depends heavily on reliable reward models. Existing methods either map videos directly to opaque scalar scores or generate free-form rationales that are not explicitly optimized as the basis of the final judgment. We propose ArtiVidRM, a verifiable, artifact-as-rubrics video reward model that follows an observe-then-score paradigm. It first identifies visible generation artifacts and organizes them into a structured artifact list, then uses these artifacts as explicit rubrics for quality assessment. This intermediate representation grounds each score in concrete video-level evidence, making the reward more interpretable and informative for optimization. We further introduce a multi-reward reinforcement learning strategy to jointly optimize artifact prediction and quality assessment. The reward decomposes into complementary objectives that evaluate artifact prediction quality, including semantic coverage and prediction efficiency, together with a pairwise preference objective that supervises quality ranking through score differences. By jointly optimizing the intermediate artifact representation and the downstream preference prediction, the model learns to produce informative artifact lists while improving the accuracy of video quality assessment. Experiments show that ArtiVidRM achieves state-of-the-art performance on video preference benchmarks, provides effective signals for video diffusion optimization, and enables artifact-guided refinement of closed-source video generators.

cs.CV

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2510.02194

UpSafe$^\circ$C: Upcycling for Controllable Safety in Large Language Models

Yuhao Sun, Zhuoer Xu, Shiwen Cui, Kun Yang, Lingyun Yu, Yongdong Zhang, Hongtao Xie

原文摘要

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress across a wide range of tasks, but remain vulnerable to safety risks such as harmful content generation and jailbreak attacks. Existing safety techniques---including external guardrails, inference-time guidance, and post-training alignment---each face limitations in balancing safety, utility, and controllability. In this work, we propose UpSafe$^\circ$C, a unified framework for enhancing LLM safety through safety-aware upcycling. Our approach first identifies safety-critical layers and upcycles them into a sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) structure, where the router acts as a soft guardrail that selectively activates original MLPs and added safety experts. We further introduce a two-stage SFT strategy to strengthen safety discrimination while preserving general capabilities. To enable flexible control at inference time, we introduce a safety temperature mechanism, allowing dynamic adjustment of the trade-off between safety and utility. Experiments across multiple benchmarks, base model, and model scales demonstrate that UpSafe$^\circ$C achieves robust safety improvements against harmful and jailbreak inputs, while maintaining competitive performance on general tasks. Moreover, analysis shows that safety temperature provides fine-grained inference-time control that achieves controllable trade-off between utility and safety. Our results highlight a new direction for LLM safety: moving from static alignment toward dynamic, modular, and inference-aware control. Code: https://github.com/HansSunY/UpSafe.

cs.AI · cs.CR · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05769

Noncrossing is All You Need: Beyond Identical Delay Functions in Online Matching with Delays on General Metrics

Yossi Azar, Junhao Gan, Shahar Lewkowicz, Xiao Sun, Seeun William Umboh

原文摘要

Online optimization with delays has emerged as a powerful paradigm with numerous applica- tions, including matching, caching, server management, network design, and set cover. In most of these problems, competitive algorithms are known for arbitrary monotone delay functions, even when different requests are associated with different delay functions. The notable exception is online matching with delays, where all previously known algorithms achieving constant or polylogarithmic competitive ratios require the delay functions to be identical, either linear or concave, and known in advance. We study the online minimum-cost perfect matching with delays problem on general metrics. We introduce the broad class of noncrossing delay functions, which strictly generalizes the classic setting of identical concave delay functions while naturally modeling scenarios in which different requests may experience different delay costs. We present the first deterministic $O(1)$-competitive algorithm for the single-location online matching problem with noncrossing delay functions in the non-clairvoyant setting as well as a randomized $O(lognlogΔ+log^2Δ)$-competitive algorithm of an arbitrary metric space where $n$ is the number of points of the metric space and $Δ$ is its aspect ratio. Our result allows each request to have an arbitrary noncrossing delay function, thereby simultaneously removing the assumptions of identical delay functions, concavity, and clairvoyance that were required by all previous constant or polylogarithmic-competitive algorithms.

cs.DS

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05741

OUCH: Objective, Uniform, Controlled Haptic Stimulation for Automated Neurological Assessment

Sherry Choi, Sitao Sunny Li, Joseph Romero, Lillian Chin, Ashwin G. Ramayya, Allison M. Okamura, Ava Chen

原文摘要

Motor responses evoked by noxious stimulation are used to assess neurological function in hospitalized patients with disorders of consciousness. In standard bedside assessments, these stimuli are applied manually, resulting in substantial variation in force, duration, frequency, and location. Here, we present OUCH (Objective, Uniform, Controlled Haptic stimulation), a wrist-worn device that uses pneumatic actuation to deliver noxious mechanical stimuli. OUCH combines stacked pneumatic pouch actuators, a rigid indenter, and a compliant spacer designed to buckle at a set load, so that the indenter contacts the skin only during actuation. We characterize the device using blocked force tests, clinician evaluation, finite element analysis, and a deformable pressure testbed, and benchmark it against a commercially available handheld pressure algometer. At 200 kPa pouch inflation pressure, our indenter concentrated its load into an estimated contact pressure of 18,500 kPa, over 25 times that of the algometer tip, while requiring less total force. On the deformable testbed, it localized deformation near the surface, while deformation at depth remained comparable to the algometer. As a result, in preliminary perceptual testing, our indenter elicited discomfort at approximately 89% lower applied force than the algometer, demonstrating the feasibility of evoking discomfort with a compact, wearable soft actuator. These results show that combining pneumatic actuation with designed contact geometry enables controlled, repeatable noxious stimulation at the wrist, providing a foundation for objective neurological assessment.

cs.RO

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05036

ToolSpace: Scaling Tool-Centric Environment Synthesis for Long-Horizon Agents

Guanting Dong, Zhichao Sun, Xinyu Yang, Rui Wang, Xin Deng, Jiajie Jin, Zhixiong Yang, Junhao Huang 等 25 位作者

原文摘要

Large language models are deployed as long-horizon agents that compose diverse tools across MCP services into executable workflows. Existing MCP environment-scaling methods are data-centric: they first synthesize a database and scenario, then derive tools and tasks from them. As a result, tool interfaces may not match real ones, tool compositions are not grounded in execution, and tasks rarely span more than one environment. We propose ToolSpace, a tool-centric framework that reverses this order. ToolSpace mines data, state, and retry dependencies from adjacent calls in execution traces of real MCP services and open agent corpora, using deterministic rules rather than LLM judgment, and clusters the resulting weighted tool-composition graph into environments. Databases are synthesized only for state-mutating environments, while query and stateless tools replay recorded returns. ToolSpace then performs state-aware random walks with rollback and decompiles each chain into a natural-language task with assertion-based checks, keeping only samples that replay successfully from the initial state. Applied to AutomationBench and tau3-Bench Banking, the pipeline produces harder Pro versions on which 7 frontier models drop by up to 38.2 points. Across seven long-horizon tool-use benchmarks, ToolSpace raises Qwen3.6-35B-A3B from 23.0 to 41.0 average score (43.2 with RL) and GLM-5.2 from 44.6 to 56.6, on par with Claude Opus 5. Ablations show that execution-witnessed edges clearly outperform LLM-judged ones, and performance keeps improving with data and environment scale.

cs.CL

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2610.41290

SAT-ACT: Learning CDCL Branching from Outcome-Derived Action Preferences

Zhenchao Sun, Chongyang Tao, Ping Lu, Tongkai Lu, Jianling Gao, Shuai Ma

原文摘要

Learning-based approaches have increasingly been explored for SAT solving, with particular attention to improving branching decisions in conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) solvers. These approaches derive branching guidance either from static structural properties of SAT formulas or from dynamic signals obtained through solver feedback and execution traces. However, these forms of supervision provide limited evidence about state-dependent branching effects, while different outcome measures may favor different branching choices. To address these limitations, we propose SAT-ACT, an outcome-derived learning framework for CDCL branching. We design three complementary outcome comparison criteria to extract action preferences from independent branching action rollouts initiated at the same solver state. The criteria identify preferences supported by the outcomes and leave comparisons unresolved when the evidence is insufficient or conflicting, instead of forcing an ordering using a predefined scalar metric. A state-conditioned network learns branching priorities from the extracted preferences and uses them to guide CDCL search directly without online action rollouts. We further introduce non-dominated heuristic action supervision, which retains the solver-selected action as a training target only when it remains non-dominated under these preferences. Solver-level experiments show that SAT-ACT consistently reduces CDCL search costs on three SAT families and improves PAR-2 on the SAT Competition benchmarks.

cs.AI · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03178

CoworkOS:Scaling Agent Coworkers for Real-world Automation

Jiajie Jin, Guanting Dong, Chengjun Pan, Xin Deng, Zhuohui Sheng, Guoqiang Wang, Tao Gui, Yutao Zhu 等 40 位作者

原文摘要

Rapid advances in cowork agents are shifting human-AI collaboration toward real-world automation, delivering software, designs, and other artifacts. However, such productivity work demands both high-quality delivery on complex productivity tasks and continued monitoring and decision-making over long horizons, a combination that remains an open challenge. We introduce CoworkOS, a general-purpose harness for long-horizon work that separates task strategy from execution management: the model decides actions, delegation, and acceptance, while the runtime maintains state and feedback. Its three-layer architecture enables direct execution or delegation to Subagents, synchronously or asynchronously, under stable responsibilities. Through a shared application layer, humans and agents inspect and revise the same evolving documents, presentations, CAD models, and Blender scenes, so human-in-the-loop participation can enter both through conversation and through direct modification of the work itself. To sustain continuity across agents and sessions, CoworkOS further introduces hierarchical workspaces and persistent semantic memory, so working files, key decisions, and long-running Job logs remain shareable, reusable, and resumable after interruption. Across 12 benchmarks and 6 categories of real-world applications, CoworkOS proves highly competitive with frontier agent applications such as Codex and DeepSeek Harness. As a sustained-work case study, CoworkOS uses GLM-5.3 as its backbone to conduct RSI-driven automated post-training on Qwen3.6-35B-A3B. Over five rounds, the model's average score across eight benchmarks rose from 33.19 to 42.95 (+9.76). Looking ahead, we believe CoworkOS opens a meaningful path toward general cowork-agent intelligence.

cs.AI · cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02816

Discovering hierarchical governing equations for community-structured complex network dynamics with LLM agents

Jinlei Zhang, Zixuan Zhang, Hao Qiu, Feng Chen, Jiateng Yin, Xiaoyong Yan, Xiaolei Ma, Hao Sun 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Governing equations provide an interpretable description of the mechanisms underlying complex network dynamics, yet their discovery from observational data remains challenging when shared community-level dynamics coexist with individual-level variations and the relevant functional structures may be absent from the initial candidate library or not explicitly specified in advance. Here we formulate this task as a hierarchical law-discovery problem and introduce SAGE, a large language model-guided self-reflective agent framework for discovering community-shared governing laws and individual-specific dynamical variations. SAGE organizes equation discovery into an iterative Library-Discovery-Review process that first identifies shared community-level structures and then resolves node-specific residual dynamics, while adaptively refining the candidate space to introduce missing dynamical terms when needed. This hierarchical and interpretable formulation enables SAGE to distinguish shared community-level dynamics from individual-level variations and to reveal the mechanisms underlying complex network dynamics. Across two synthetic networks and four real-world networks spanning mobile communication, brain electrophysiology, power grids and urban rail transit, SAGE recovers compact and interpretable governing equations, reproduces observed system dynamics and outperforms representative equation-discovery baselines. The framework remains robust under incomplete observations and can transfer community-level governing laws to nodes with entirely missing observations. These results establish a hierarchical and adaptive approach for disentangling shared and individual dynamical mechanisms in community-structured complex networks.

physics.soc-ph · cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02794

SomaAlign: Reliability-Aware Multimodal Representation Learning for Soft Robotic Grasping

Haoyuan Wang, Shuai Peng, Yongkai Liao, Yuxiao Sun, Wei Luo, Xinxing Chen, Jian Huang

原文摘要

Robust multimodal perception for soft robotic grasping is challenged by modality-dependent noise, semantic ambiguity, and limited coordinated multisensory data. We introduce Soma, a dataset containing 100 objects, 1,000 continuous grasping trajectories, and 74,914 multimodal samples grouped by software acquisition cycle, spanning remote RGB, hand RGB, depth, tactile, IMU, and structured text observations. We also collect Soma-Success, an independent grasp-outcome dataset with 1,000 trials (998 retained after quality control), to evaluate frozen-encoder transfer for post-hoc grasp outcome classification and early grasp success prediction. Built on Soma, SomaAlign learns multimodal representations in three stages: masked reconstruction estimates relative modality reliability; reliability-aware contrastive alignment uses pair-specific adaptive temperatures to adjust alignment sharpness; and conflict-aware semantic constraints improve intra-sample cross-modal consistency while preserving global feature geometry. SomaAlign achieves an average Recall@10 of 90.66% across 30 directed cross-modal retrieval tasks. The learned representations also support physical attribute recognition, multimodal question answering, cross-modal generation, and cross-dataset transfer to grasp outcome prediction. On Soma-Success, frozen SomaAlign encoders with lightweight probes achieve 94.59% post-hoc classification accuracy and 84.07% early prediction accuracy. Together, Soma, Soma-Success, and SomaAlign provide a data and representation-learning foundation for robust and transferable multimodal perception in soft robotic manipulation.

cs.RO · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02590

From Source-Based Quizzes to Reteaching Decisions: A Practitioner Guide to ClassQuest

Zihao Sun

原文摘要

A source-based quiz can help a computing teacher identify material to explain again, but its report must preserve the limits of the evidence behind that decision. We present ClassQuest, a prototype connecting teacher-reviewed question drafts, private student responses, topic reports and targeted retries. A Year 10 classroom account of an earlier prototype supplies 20 usefulness ratings from 24 invitees, with a mean of 8.0 and median of 9 on a ten-point scale. A Boolean-logic episode documents how immediate feedback, a teacher explanation and a fresh question were combined. We separate this account from a completed technical audit and reusable teaching guide. An exhaustive single-item audit found no count mismatches across 5,456 constructed response configurations, while diagnostic cases exposed a retry increase caused entirely by changing participation and a progression suggestion based on one learner's three answers. A further case shows that an unoffered retry can be labelled missing. A separate reporting companion distinguishes opportunity to respond, pending review and matched retry cohorts. Its completion-sensitivity check matched an independent oracle in 46,375 constructed states across roster sizes 1-30, identifying when unknown responses can change a reporting band. Our contributions are a source-linked formative workflow, executable examples of interpretation failures, and reporting and teaching materials for examining those failures. Neither the questionnaire nor the audit establishes improved learning; the findings identify reporting requirements and practical directions for formative teaching.

cs.CY

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02585

From Language to Country to Valence: A Multilingual Audit of Stereotype Bias Across LLMs

Zihao Sun

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly considered for education, recruitment, workplace decision support, and other consequential applications, making pre-deployment social-bias detection essential. Yet major benchmarks are English-centred or translated, focus mainly on negative stereotypes, and may miss linguistic and cultural variation. We investigate gender, racial, and religious bias using 12,000 locally written Reddit posts in English, Spanish, French, and German. Only search terms are translated, preserving local context. The dataset is balanced by language and category; English gender is additionally balanced by stereotype valence. Three open-weight and three proprietary API-based models are evaluated with a two-blank design that reduces grammatical-gender cues. Religion has the highest absolute choice imbalance in every model-language condition. Spanish is highest for gender, whereas German is highest for race and religion. The evaluated API models score below the open-weight models throughout. Negative English-gender items exceed positive items; Australian and Mexican contexts exceed their Canadian and Spanish counterparts. These descriptive differences measure choice concentration, not stereotype endorsement or causal country effects. The crossed patterns show how aggregate scores can conceal category- and context-specific behaviour, motivating closer inspection before deployment.

cs.CL