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原文摘要

We present an account of neuroplasticity with respect to cell-internal processing pathways in relation to membrane and synaptic plasticity. We think traditional synapse-centric, weight-based models of memorization are not sufficient or adequate to capture the complexity of neuroplasticity. In these accounts, the model is a network of neurons connected by adaptive transmission links. The adaptation of the transmission links relies on weight changes according to use of the transmission link (short-term and long-term potentiation/depression). In contrast, we propose a paradigm switch from a synapse-centric model (each synapse learns independently, based on its history of use) to a neuron-centric model (each neuron uses signal selection for intracellular pathways to express plasticity at the membrane). A neural model consists of (a) expression of parameters at the membrane, in particular dendritic synapses or spines, and axonal boutons (b) internal parameters in the sub-membrane zone and the cytoplasm with its protein signaling network and (c) core parameters in the nucleus for genetic and epigenetic information. In a neuron-centric model, each node (=neuron) in the network has its own internal memory. Neural transmission and information storage are separated, not automatically combined by coupling strength. There is filtering and selection of signals for storage. Not every transmission event leaves a trace. This represents an important conceptual advance over synaptic weight models. We present the neuron as a self-programming device, rather than as passively determined by ongoing input. We believe a new approach to neural modeling is necessary, because the experimental evidence is not well captured by traditional synapse-centric models. Ultimately, we are interested in the possibilities of a flexible memory system that processes external signals according to its inherent structure.