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原文摘要

Automated markets increasingly host autonomous, learning trading agents and are powered by formulaic automated market makers (AMMs). We study how heterogeneous agent behavior shapes stress, risk-adjusted performance, liquidity, and volatility in these types of markets. Three behavioral archetypes are modeled as agentic reinforcement learning (RL) systems: a rational arbitrageur, a manipulator, and a retail herd-follower. Each archetype is defined by its reward function within a common, asset-agnostic exposure-control environment, and each is trained with a value-based Deep Q-Network (DQN) and with REINFORCE using a learned baseline. A pilot on hourly cryptocurrency data (AAVE, ETC, SUI) motivates the hypotheses. Herd-followers produce the most frequent but shortest stress episodes, manipulators the fewest but most persistent, and rational agents the most stable rolling Sharpe ratios despite higher return volatility. SHAP attributions tie these patterns to drawdown and cross-asset signals, short-term volatility and position state, and momentum, respectively. The results motivate behavior-specific regulation rather than uniform limits on volatility or turnover.