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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.00625

NICE:面向声明式与机器可校验漏洞复现的框架

NICE: A Framework for Declarative and Machine-Checkable Vulnerability Reproduction

Minh-Luân Nguyen, Olivier Levillain, Julien Malka, Stefano Zacchiroli, Théo Zimmermann

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提出基于 NixOS 声明式配方构建并自动校验漏洞环境的 NICE 框架,并构建含 56 个已复现漏洞的公开档案,评估 LLM 辅助配方生成的可行性。

cs.CR

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Reproducing software vulnerabilities is fundamental to security researchers, open-source maintainers, and educators. Yet, vulnerabilities are often hard to reproduce, and even when they can be reproduced once, recreating a software environment where the vulnerability can be exploited becomes harder and harder over time. We present NICE, the NIx CvE reproduction framework, which uses declarative recipes to build and automatically validate vulnerable environments. In NICE, a reproduced CVE comprises one or more NixOS virtual machine configurations, a scripted exploitation scenario, and machine-checkable assertions that provide factual evidence of exploitation. This design facilitates sharing, validation, review, and long-term reproducibility. Building on NICE, we construct a public archive of 56 reproduced vulnerabilities spanning multiple CWE categories, attack vectors, and target types (user-space, system software, kernel, and graphical applications), combining manually authored recipes with recipes produced by an LLM-based automated pipeline and merged after human review. We evaluate the feasibility of the automated pipeline on 110 real-world CVEs, achieving fully automated reproduction in 54.5% of the cases, at an average cost of $0.73 per CVE. The evaluation demonstrates that NICE provides a practical target for LLM-assisted recipe generation, while also identifying where human refinement or additional automation remains necessary.