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原文摘要

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) deliver strong performance across vision-language tasks but suffer from high autoregressive decoding latency. Although speculative decoding can accelerate Large Language Models (LLMs) without changing their output distribution, directly applying existing approaches to MLLMs yields limited speedups because text and visual tokens exhibit distinct characteristics. We present Multimodal Speculative Decoding (MSD), a framework specifically designed for efficient MLLM inference. MSD is motivated by two key observations: text and visual tokens should be handled separately during drafting, and an effective draft model requires both strong language modeling and visual perception capabilities. Accordingly, MSD decouples text and visual token processing in the draft model and applies token-specific strategies to improve drafting efficiency. We further introduce a two-stage training strategy. The draft model is first trained on text-only instruction-tuning data to strengthen its language modeling ability and is then progressively exposed to multimodal data to develop visual perception while preserving its language competence. Extensive experiments across multimodal benchmarks demonstrate that MSD achieves up to $2.29\times$ inference speedup for LLaVA-1.5-7B and $2.46\times$ for LLaVA-1.5-13B without sacrificing generation quality. These results establish MSD as an effective and general approach for accelerating multimodal autoregressive generation. Our code is available at https://github.com/Lyn-Lucy/MSD