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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16591

Singularity-Bench: Can Agents Build Agents?

Yang Zhou, Krish Agarwal, Zhuoming Chen, Zerui Wang, Zhenyu Zhang, Wenshuang Li, Xinpeng Wei, Zhichen Zeng 等 19 位作者

原文摘要

Frontier AI agents increasingly succeed on realistic, long-horizon tasks and are beginning to improve the systems through which they operate. Yet existing benchmarks often restrict agents to narrow action spaces, use simplified environments, or rely on verification methods that are unreliable for evaluating arbitrary agent-generated systems. We introduce Singularity-Bench, an open-ended benchmark for autonomous AI development with six end-to-end tasks spanning pre-training, mid-training, post-training, inference, the agent harness, and cluster orchestration. Each task requires agents to implement core systems from a minimal starting point and evaluates them against mature human-engineered baselines on identical hardware. Additionally, through extensive red-teaming covering 9 of the 10 categories in the OWASP Top 10 for Agentic Applications, we expose reward-hacking vulnerabilities in the conventional Harbor framework and develop Breakwater, an extension of Harbor that blocks all attacks tested in our study. Across 11 agents built from 7 frontier models and 2 harnesses, Opus 5.5 with Claude Code matches or outperforms the human baseline on all six tasks with a Singularity-Index of 1.25, suggesting it may have the skills needed to reach the singularity. The remaining agents average only 0.58. Our vision is for Singularity-Bench to track how much of AI development agents can already automate and when they may transition from assisting to taking end-to-end responsibility for building stronger successors.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2607.05420

When AI Classifies: What Counts as Public Administration?

Shaoming Cheng, Laurie A. Schintler

原文摘要

This study examines how alternative systems of scholarly representation identify and characterize public administration (PA) and artificial intelligence-related PA (AI-in-PA) scholarship. The central question is not which system provides a definitive classification of PA, but how alternative systems of scholarly classification differ in identifying and representing its intellectual boundaries. With an exploratory and comparative analysis of Web of Science and OpenAlex, the study compares five approaches based on author-defined, citation-driven, and AI-assisted representations. The results highlight substantial differences and limited overlap in corpus size, publication type, DOI availability, publishing outlets, temporal patterns, and thematic structure. The alternative approaches tend to produce distinct representations because they identify substantially different bodies of scholarship rather than merely larger or smaller subsets of the same literature. The findings suggest that algorithmic knowledge organization influences how interdisciplinary scholarship is classified, connected, and understood and, epistemologically, how its visibility, structure, and intellectual identity are represented. AI-enabled scholarly classifications are not neutral but interpretative, potentially self-reinforcing, and may constrain the evolution and adaptation of disciplinary boundaries. Human expert judgment therefore remains essential and is complemented rather than replaced by AI-assisted scholarly classification.

cs.DL · cs.AI · cs.CY · cs.DB

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.36630

A Comprehensive Survey of Agent Distillation across Models, Artifacts, and Harnesses

Ziluowen Luo, Senzhang Wang, Chaozhuo Li, Jun Yin, Hao Yan, Ming Cheng, Chenxu Wang, Songyang Liu 等 13 位作者

原文摘要

Knowledge distillation provides a teacher-student framework for transferring capabilities at reduced cost and has been widely studied for large language models (LLMs). As LLM-based agents move from response generation to sustained, closed-loop task solving, distillation expands beyond model parameters to knowledge retained in reusable resources and execution workflows. This shift from model-level to agent-level knowledge transfer supports efficient deployment, broader capability access, and continual self-evolution. However, existing surveys largely examine model distillation and agent system design separately, limiting comparison of transfer strategies across agent components. To bridge this gap, we formalize Agent Distillation as persistent knowledge transfer between teacher and student agents and present its first unified survey. Distinguishing experience used for transfer from knowledge retained for reuse, we develop a knowledge-substrate taxonomy based on where knowledge persists: models, artifacts, or harnesses. Building on this taxonomy, we analyze cross-substrate transfer paths and hybrid strategies. To assess the resulting capabilities, we review benchmarks and evaluation protocols for retention, causal attribution, and deployed utility without further teacher support. This survey provides a unified basis for studying agent knowledge transfer and developing efficient, adaptable, and self-evolving agents.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.11824

When to Trust Adaptation: Contextual Fusion for Transferable Vision-Language Prompting

Zhenyuan Chen, Wenshuo Tao, Zhuo Huang, Shuo Chen, Ming-Ming Cheng, Xiang Li

原文摘要

When a vision-language model encounters a new class or domain, how much should it trust its learned prompts? Because source adaptation can correct pretrained errors on some target images while disturbing valid predictions on others, we introduce Contextual Adaptive Fusion (CAF), which retains four prediction branches by pairing frozen and prompted visual and textual representations. To arbitrate when branches disagree on an image, CAF combines each branch's predictive confidence with how frequently the branches favor its proposed class across the unlabeled target collection, placing greater trust in predictions that are locally confident yet less dominated by collection-wide frequency bias. The fusion coefficients are learned once on source data and remain fixed at inference. Trained on ImageNet, CAF achieves 69.96% average accuracy across ten cross-dataset benchmarks (1.92 percentage points above ManiPT) and remains highly competitive across four ImageNet variants, setting a new best of 52.21% on ImageNet-S. In base-to-novel transfer across eleven datasets, CAF further reaches 79.77% novel-class accuracy and an 82.81% harmonic mean. Code is available at https://github.com/zhenyuanchenai/CAF.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.06858

CompressionBench: How can your coding agents compress LLMs?

Xinrui Zhong, Zhifeng Li, Zhiming Wang, Xinze Feng, Yongqi Liu, Shanglin Yang, Yang Zhou, Zikun Li 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Recursive self-improvement requires AI systems to improve the models and infrastructure used by subsequent systems. LLM compression offers a concrete efficiency objective: retain a pretrained model's behavior within a smaller model storage budget. We study whether coding agents can carry out this step autonomously. We formulate compression as a terminal task in which an agent receives a source checkpoint, storage limit, inference environment, and time budget, then constructs compressed weights and executable inference code. The agent controls its algorithm and experiments; perplexity feedback guides search, and independent verification checks the final model. Across six agents and six model--size settings, 29 of 36 submissions pass verification. Selecting the lowest-perplexity agent design per task yields an average 3.4% perplexity increase over BF16 and 77.33% downstream accuracy, compared with 79.56% for BF16. Recorded experiments reveal how agents achieve these outcomes and where improvement breaks down. Agents lower PPL in 21 of 24 revisions at nearly fixed storage; complete-model feedback reverses 17 of 79 prior local rankings; and generation and inference tests expose failures that likelihood alone misses. The results identify representation design, experimental judgment, and capability validation as central to agent-driven model compression, a measurable component of efficiency-oriented self-improvement.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13010

Preserving Cultural Records: A Large-Scale Benchmark and Visual-Prior Routing Network for Ancient Book Image Restoration

Shumin Fan, Tianyu Song, Hongming Chen, Xiaodong Zhou, Xiang Chen

原文摘要

Ancient books preserve invaluable cultural heritage, yet their images often suffer from complex degradations caused by long-term ageing, environmental exposure, and physical damage. Existing ancient book image restoration benchmarks are limited in scale and rely on simplified degradation simulations, which cannot fully represent real-world degradation patterns and restrict the generalization ability of restoration models. To address these challenges, we introduce AncBench, a large-scale synthetic paired benchmark containing 100K aligned clean-degraded image pairs. AncBench models realistic composite degradations through a comprehensive degradation pipeline that considers material ageing, paper texture variation, blur, staining, water-induced geometric distortion, and local occlusion. Furthermore, we propose AncRestore, a degradation-aware visual-prior routing network for ancient book image restoration. AncRestore first learns degradation representations from degraded images and then dynamically selects and integrates suitable visual priors according to different degradation characteristics. Guided by these degradation cues, a dynamic routing mechanism combines expert-wise and region-wise routing strategies adaptively adjusts the contribution of these priors across different regions, enabling the model to recover both global appearance and local text details. Extensive experiments show that AncRestore effectively suppresses composite degradations while preserving text structures and enhancing restoration quality against other methods, highlighting its application potential for intelligent ancient book image restoration in cultural heritage preservation.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v4arXiv:2506.06361

Tactile MNIST: Benchmarking Active Tactile Perception

Tim Schneider, Guillaume Duret, Cristiana de Farias, Roberto Calandra, Liming Chen, Jan Peters

原文摘要

Tactile perception has the potential to significantly enhance dexterous robotic manipulation by providing rich local information that can complement or substitute for other sensory modalities such as vision. However, tactile sensing is an inherently local sensor modality, providing information only at the points of contact. This strict locality necessitates the use of active perception techniques to acquire useful, task-relevant information from manipulated objects or the environment in general. Hence, the agent must actively guide sensors toward regions with more informative or significant features and integrate this information over time to understand a scene or complete a task. While active perception and tactile sensing methods have received significant attention recently, both fields lack standardized benchmarks. To bridge this gap, we introduce the Tactile MNIST Benchmark Suite, an open-source, Gymnasium-compatible benchmark specifically designed for active tactile perception tasks, including classification, localization, pose estimation, and volume estimation. Our benchmark suite offers diverse simulation scenarios, from simple toy environments to complex tactile perception tasks using vision-based tactile sensors. Furthermore, we offer a comprehensive dataset comprising 13,580 synthetic 3D MNIST digit models and 153,600 real-world tactile samples collected from 600 3D-printed digits. Using this dataset, we train a CycleGAN for realistic tactile simulation rendering. By providing standardized protocols and reproducible evaluation frameworks, our benchmark suite facilitates systematic progress in tactile sensing and active perception more broadly.

cs.RO · cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2606.08043

OmniFaceRig: Fully Automatic Inner-Mouth-Aware Face Rigging Across Diverse 3D Character Topologies

Chao Wang, Guangyao Ma, John Doublestein, Junming Chen, Yiming Lin, Zhaoen Su, Xiaomin Luo, Yushan Yin 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Facial rigging--creating Facial Action Coding System (FACS) blendshapes and inner-mouth geometry (teeth, gums, and tongue)--remains a major bottleneck in 3D character production. We present OmniFaceRig, a fully automatic end-to-end pipeline that converts a static surface-only 3D character mesh, with no pre-modeled oral cavity, into an inner-mouth-aware FACS rig with up to 155 blendshapes, procedurally fitted teeth, gums, and tongue, and re-packed UV/texture. It supports humans, humanoids, and long- and short-muzzled animals with no manual landmarks, user-provided templates, or per-asset setup. OmniFaceRig combines a hybrid vision-language and computer vision riggability checker, a four-model face segmentation ensemble, keypoint-driven template registration, procedural inner-mouth construction, and collision-aware blendshape transfer. For non-human characters, it selects topology-specific templates with a nose-landmark-free design and uses as-rigid-as-possible deformation with signed-distance-field constraints to reduce teeth-face intersections. We also introduce Omni-Bench, an open-source benchmark of more than 1,000 biped 3D characters rigged with FACS blendshapes and inner-mouth geometry, spanning humans, humanoids, cats, dogs, and other animals. Experiments show high rigging success, nearly complete face detection recall, low inner-mouth penetration, and 20-30 s end-to-end latency per asset on a single A100 GPU.

cs.GR · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06841

ServerBench：你的编码智能体如何设计专用 LLM 服务系统？

ServerBench: How can your coding agents design specialized LLM serving systems?

Xinrui Zhong, Zhiming Wang, Yongqi Liu, Zhaohui Wang, Shanglin Yang, Zikun Li, Zhuoming Chen, Beidi Chen

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出 ServerBench 基准，用于评估编码智能体能否端到端设计并交付经过验证的专用 LLM 服务系统，并以“每美元延迟合格 token 价值”作为统一目标。

cs.AI

arXiv ↗PDF ↗
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Large language model (LLM) coding agents develop software through experimentation, offering an opportunity to design the serving systems supporting their own operation. Effective serving requires coordinating implementation and operating decisions under session dependencies, latency constraints, and correctness requirements. We introduce ServerBench, a benchmark for agentic design of complete, specialized LLM serving systems. Agents experiment against a common objective, dollars per dollar: latency-qualified token value per dollar of GPU cost. Stateful replay preserves session dependencies, and independent verification checks the submitted system. Across 11 coding-agent models and three deployments, Claude Sonnet 5.5 achieves 2.97 dollars per dollar on Gemma E4B, $4.87\times$ the vLLM reference; 22 of 33 runs yield verified systems, and 13 exceed the strongest baseline. Our analysis identifies three findings: high-value designs coordinate capacity improvements with load selection; agents interpret performance feedback through workload-relevant experiments; and reliable delivery requires verification of the execution paths introduced by optimization. Overall, ServerBench supports systematic study of how agents translate service objectives and feedback into effective, verified serving systems for given task specifications.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06544

MKD2World: A Typed Spatial MarkDown World Model For Web Agents

Zhihao Nan, Sifan Zhou, Yiming Cheng, Jinkai Zheng, Zheng Zhu, Si Shi, Ming Li, Fei Yu

原文摘要

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents can improve decision-making with world-model foresight, provided that predicted states accurately reflect post-action interfaces. Existing state representations fail to jointly capture interface layout, UI semantics, and explicit locations. We introduce Typed Spatial Markdown (TSM), a Markdown-style textual state representation for desktop web interfaces. TSM serializes block-level and atomic-level UI elements according to their spatial relationships, jointly encoding their types, visual semantics, explicit locations, optional control states, and hierarchical membership. To train a screenshot-to-TSM renderer, we construct AtomBlock-WebUI, a dataset with precise annotations at both granularities. By injecting element-type labels into HTML and directly extracting bounding boxes after rendering, we avoid annotation errors caused by post-hoc inference from webpage structures. Building on TSM, we propose MKD2World, a desktop web world model trained in two stages for current-state description and action-conditioned next-state prediction. During inference, the web agent queries MKD2World as needed and performs a ``digest'' step, in which it interprets each predicted state and extracts task-relevant evidence for selecting the best action. Experiments show that MKD2World-9B achieves an EleF1 score of 26.50 on the out-of-domain test set, outperforming GPT-5.6-Sol(14.98) by 11.52 points. Across Online-Mind2Web tasks, MKD2World-9B improves the success rate of the Qwen3.5-35B web agent from 22.94% to 37.61%, achieving competitive performance among leading open-source GUI world models. Code is available at https://github.com/OmniAI-Lab-CUHKSZ/MKD2World.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2601.20482

ConStruM: A Structure-Guided LLM Framework for Context-Aware Schema Matching

Houming Chen, Zhe Zhang, H. V. Jagadish

原文摘要

Column matching is a central task in reconciling schemas for data integration. Column names and descriptions are valuable for this task. LLMs can leverage such natural-language schema metadata. However, in many datasets, correct matching requires additional evidence beyond the column itself. Because providing complete schema metadata remains impractical for most LLMs and can obscure the relevant evidence even when it fits, the core challenge becomes to select and organize the most useful contextual information. We present ConStruM, a structure-guided framework for budgeted evidence packing in schema matching. ConStruM constructs a lightweight, reusable structure in which, at query time, it assembles a small context pack emphasizing the most discriminative evidence. ConStruM is designed as an add-on: given a shortlist of candidate targets produced by an upstream matcher, it augments the matcher's final LLM prompt with structured, query-specific evidence so that the final selection is better grounded. For this purpose, we develop a context tree for budgeted multi-level context retrieval and a global similarity hypergraph for grouping and differentiating confusable columns. Across HRS-B and PSID-B, ConStruM achieves a mean combined accuracy of 95.4%, compared with 51.6% for the no-context LLM, and ranks first among all eleven evaluated methods on both benchmarks. On MIMIC--OMOP and Synthea--OMOP, attaching it to our Matchmaker reconstruction produces no statistically significant accuracy change. Together, these results show that ConStruM can deliver large gains when matching depends on context while remaining compatible with a strong matcher in the other tested settings.

cs.DB

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2607.01546

The General Stability of Ranking

Houming Chen, H. V. Jagadish

原文摘要

Rankings derived from weighted scoring functions are widely used in university rankings and employment candidate evaluations. Since ranking weights are often chosen by organizations or analysts, ranking stability asks whether a reported ranking persists under reasonable weight changes. Prior work defines volume-based stability as the fraction of the weight space that induces the target ranking exactly. This exact-match requirement can be too blunt: once a perturbed weight vector produces a different ranking, exact stability gives it no credit, whether the change replaces the top-ranked item or only swaps two nearly tied lower-ranked items. We propose general stability, a distance-based generalization that aggregates ranking regions according to a user-defined distance from the target ranking. This lets users specify which ranking changes matter in the application, while recovering exact stability as a special case. We extend existing methods and identify distance properties that permit faster general-stability computation with accuracy guarantees. Our sampling algorithm, $GSC_{md}$, can take exponential time in the worst case, but a property we call uniform boundedness gives a sample budget independent of database size and dimension at fixed accuracy and confidence. We develop Prefix-GSC, a sampling optimization that reduces sorting for distances satisfying a further property, tail decay with bounded influence. We also develop Conv-SC to approximate stability through convex volumes for distances satisfying a property we term quasiconvexity. Experiments on seven real-data sources and generated inputs show how distance affects robustness conclusions and when the algorithms save time. On three 500-item university datasets, Prefix-GSC achieves median query speedups of $1.22$--$1.98\times$ over $GSC_{md}$ at 2% relative error and 95% confidence, including method setup.

cs.DB

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05058

Do Agentic Policies Need to Look at Every Step? Geometric Abstraction for Reasoning and Action

Yihang Liu, Yiming Chen, Mingzhe Zheng

原文摘要

Recent multimodal language models can reason directly about robot scenes, but it is unclear whether they need to repeatedly reinterpret raw visual observations at every step of an interaction. We propose shifting routine spatial reasoning from images to text and symbols through a 3D geometric abstraction that is refreshed locally from observations and read directly by the language models. Specifically, our interface represents scene geometry via typed, evidence-aware symbolic references to object parts, grounds them from calibrated RGB-D, and returns compact textual checkpoints with metric residuals after each action. Symbolic task structure can thus be reused across decisions while metric values are rebound to the current scene, with direct visual reasoning invoked only on demand. Across offline policy synthesis and continuous online execution, reasoning over grounded text and symbols improves multi-step manipulation completion while substantially reducing repeated multimodal queries, positioning explicit geometric state as an effective substrate for agentic robot policies.

cs.RO · cs.AI · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02375

Allen--Cahn Residual-Constrained Topology Optimization via an Augmented Lagrangian Method

Run Du, Xuan Xiao, Wenming Cheng, Zeqiang Zhang

原文摘要

This paper presents a residual-constrained topology optimization framework that controls interface transition bandwidth without requiring external density filters. The steady conserved Allen--Cahn (AC) equation is formulated as an equality residual constraint and solved via a mass-weighted Augmented Lagrangian Method (ALM) coupled with the Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA). A closed-form chemical potential projection eliminates the constant residual mode, ensuring algebraic compatibility with external volume targets. Variational sensitivity analysis reveals a symmetric-plus-rank-one Jacobian that yields matrix-free sensitivities without additional adjoint PDE solves, reducing residual sensitivity overhead to only 0.11% of the state elasticity solve time in 3D. Systematic 2D benchmarks confirm that interface bandwidth is governed intrinsically by reaction--diffusion parameters across mesh refinements. While diffuse interfaces incur a continuous compliance elevation (1.4%--12.3%), a volume-preserving 0/1 post-processing audit across 48 benchmark cases demonstrates that this gap stems primarily from intermediate-density penalization: binarized AC-ALM designs achieve equal or superior stiffness in 45 configurations (averaging 1.2% stiffer than SIMP). Simultaneously, single-node hinges and strut fragmentation are substantially suppressed compared to unregularized baselines. Three-dimensional benchmarks further demonstrate practical spatial viability for complex structures.

cs.CE · math.OC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02104

Consolidating Reasoning with Test-Time Training

Haotian Wu, Zeming Chen, Hao Zhao, Antoine Bosselut

原文摘要

Effective multi-agent collaboration requires finalizing solutions from reasoning that is distributed across the individual attempts of many agents. However, useful intermediate reasoning can remain unexploited when collaboration is limited to voting on conclusions reached among individual agents, or aggregating long, noisy collections of reasoning trajectories in context. In this work, we propose TTT-Consolidate, a framework that uses multi-agent reasoning trajectories as adaptation data to improve a model's subsequent reasoning. TTT-Consolidate jointly consolidates trajectories into parametric representations through test-time training, then generates a new solution by conditioning on the consolidated information. We meta-learn how to consolidate using bi-level optimization at training time, where an inner loop encodes reasoning trajectories into a lightweight LoRA adapter, and an outer loop learns meta-parameters for the inner loop such that the consolidation is helpful for the model to synthesize a final solution. As no large-scale corpus of diverse reasoning trajectories exists for training aggregation methods, we construct the OpenParallelThinking corpus composed of 12,810 math problems paired with a mixture of trajectories from six LLMs. Evaluated on challenging math and STEM benchmarks, TTT-Consolidate outperforms the best aggregation baselines by up to 20 percentage points, even under matched compute and runtime settings, with the gap widening at larger model scales. TTT-Consolidate also recovers from unsuccessful individual trajectories more robustly, an ability that improves as the number of available (even incorrect) trajectories increases. Finally, we demonstrate that TTT-Consolidate benefits from both SFT and RL-based outer loop objectives. We will release TTT-Consolidate and OpenParallelThinking for use in future work on reasoning aggregation.

cs.CL · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02023

Naviq: An Open-Source System-on-Chip Simulator for Rapid Prototyping, Verification, and Design Space Exploration

Scott Smith, Lukas Zscherpel, Alyssa Huang, Marissa Lanz, Deming Chen

原文摘要

Modern FPGA SoCs are no longer just collections of accelerators on top of a programmable fabric. They combine programmable logic with hardened processors, NoCs, and components that dominate end-to-end performance. Evaluating individual pieces is insufficient; system performance depends on the interplay of SoC components. However, current FPGA SoC simulations provide limited support for this style of evaluation. Vendor simulations capture these interactions but are prohibitively slow for iterative design-space exploration. At the same time, generic software models overly abstract the hardware components that determine real behavior, resulting in less accurate simulations. Fast, easy-to-use simulators that accurately model real SoCs are critical for system debugging and design space exploration. We present Naviq, an open-source, cycle-level software simulator for FPGA SoCs, tuned to AMD Versal-class architectures. Naviq bridges accurate but slow vendor simulation and fast software modeling: it captures key behaviors of modern commercial FPGA SoCs while being fast enough for debugging and design-space exploration. Naviq models hardened SoC infrastructure in C++ and integrates accelerators through Verilator, allowing designers to evaluate custom hardware in a full-system environment. At the center of Naviq is an AXI4-compliant NoC model that captures transaction ordering, packetization, routing, backpressure, and memory interactions. Naviq provides CPU and memory integration, protocol checking, checkpointing, tracing, and performance-analysis tools for debugging and design-space exploration. Experimental results show Naviq closely reproduces the bandwidth and latency of Vivado's RTL NoC model while accelerating the evaluated simulations by 81x-182x. We present five case studies demonstrating Naviq's capabilities. Naviq enables practical full-system evaluation of modern FPGA SoC designs.

cs.AR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01930

RECEIPT: Measuring and Repairing the Return Assumption of LLM Agents in Web Service Operations

Boyang Yang, Ziyao Yang, Yu Zhang, Duo Chai, Xiaoming Chen, Haoye Tian

原文摘要

LLM agents operate Web infrastructure from the command line and rely on a return assumption, namely that each tool call returns within a bounded time and with its requested action finished. Many commands, however, ask a question before they act, and the agent's harness either closes the program's input or keeps it open as a terminal at which nobody types. With closed input, the program can return status 0 without the requested action. With open input, it waits until a time limit, and the agent pays in time and tokens. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to measure and repair the return assumption. We collect 91,469 production tool calls and 89,047 public agent trajectories, test how 8 widely used harnesses launch commands, and build Litmus, a catalog of 158 checked command-line invocations, and Tripwire, a benchmark of 25 task pairs that differ only in whether a question guards the requested action. We then propose RECEIPT, which keeps the input open, reads what each process waits for from system calls, and returns this state to an unmodified agent through a model-checked protocol. On Litmus, closed input causes 11.5% of tested invocations to return status 0 without performing the requested action, and 7 of 8 harnesses close input when no terminal is attached. An unanswered question at a plain terminal multiplies a task's token use by 2.9, and the input connection moves an LLM from 7th to 3rd place among 8. Across 5 LLMs, RECEIPT reduces false claims of success by 73.5% and completes all 25 guarded tasks on a second harness. An agent's reliability therefore depends on what its harness lets it observe as well as on its LLM. Agent builders should report what each tool call did, not only how it ended, and benchmark maintainers should fix and report the input connection before they rank LLMs.

cs.SE · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01483

$TF^2$-Steering: Action Refinement with Tactile Forecasts and Feedback via Velocity-Field Steering

Yiming Chen, Xiaofei Wei, Chun Gu, Wei Xiao, Peidong Liu, Li Zhang

原文摘要

Tactile sensing plays a crucial role in everyday human interaction. Consider inserting a plug into a tight socket, vision alone provides limited guidance during the final insertion stage, and we instead rely on both anticipated contact and realized tactile feedback to ajust the insertion motion. The same capability is equally important for robots, particularly in dexterous manipulation tasks. Yet many contemporary robot policies remain vision-dominant. This visual bias, compounded by limited tactile data and sparse contact events, can cause directly incorporated tactile signals to be ignored or even compromise the policy's pretrained capabilities, yielding degrading performance as observed in our experiments. We present $TF^2$-Steering, which refines actions via learned residual steering of the flow-matching action expert's velocity field, using a tactile mixture-of-experts architecture to integrate both tactile forecasts and real-time tactile feedback. Together with specific designed three stages training recipe, $TF^2$-Steering enables tactile signals to correct and, when necessary, redirect the flow-matching action-generation process, while building on the strong action-generation capacity of the vision-based foundation policy. Extensive experiments across six simulated and six real-world manipulation tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of $TF^2$-Steering. It outperforms the strongest evaluated baselines by 10.7 percentage points in average simulation success rate and 9.1 percentage points in average real-world progress success rate. Project page: https://yiming-cc.github.io/tf2-steering/.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.40166

EventSeeColor: Learning to Reconstruct Color from Monochrome Events

Chuanzhi Xu, Langyi Chen, Haoxian Zhou, Zelin Zhang, Haodong Chen, Qiang Qu, Xiaoming Chen, Weidong Cai

原文摘要

Event cameras capture visual brightness changes under challenging lighting conditions. However, traditional event-based image reconstruction targets grayscale intensity and produces images without scene color. Color distinguishes surfaces with similar intensity. Reconstructing color from events can reveal appearance differences that reconstructed grayscale images cannot express. Although monochrome event cameras do not directly measure color, their event-triggering patterns depend on surface reflectance, illumination, and the sensor's spectral response. These patterns may contain cues that support color reconstruction. In this paper, we present EventSeeColor, which uses event-reconstructed grayscale and aligned events to jointly guide a diffusion colorizer. Grayscale-derived semantic context supports color inference, while region-balanced chroma supervision and local RGB refinement improve color distribution, brightness, and texture. In the combined evaluation on two real event datasets, EventSeeColor achieves the best structural similarity, learned perceptual scores, and chromatic-region color difference among the external methods.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.29868

Normalizing Flow-Enhanced Message Passing for Multirobot Collaborative Localization

Han Shen, Guanghui Wen, Liangming Chen, Ming Cao

原文摘要

Accurate, robust, and adaptive localization is essential for various robotic operations. This paper proposes a parametric message passing (MP) algorithm for distributed collaborative localization, unifying Gaussian belief propagation (GBP) for robot state estimation and mean-field (MF) approximation for noise inference. Unlike conventional MP algorithms, the proposed formulation directly optimizes the natural parameters of beliefs, establishing a principled connection between MP and gradient estimators for handling non-conjugate terms arising from nonlinear measurement models. Beyond linearization and sampling, we further design a normalizing flow (NF)-based gradient estimator, enabling learnable sampling. End-to-end training tunes NF parameters according to the behavior of MP, improving estimation accuracy while reducing the required number of iterations. To support robot states involving rotations, the method is extended to Lie group spaces. Finally, the method is applied to a multirobot localization task fusing odometry, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements, and inter-robot ultra wideband (UWB) ranging. Extensive simulations and experiments on autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) demonstrate superior state estimation accuracy, enhanced robustness and adaptability under ranging outliers and varying noise statistics, as well as good generalization across different operating conditions.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.39297

Spreading Dynamics on Higher-Order Networks: A Structure-Mechanism-Behavior Perspective with Applications

Ming Xie, Shibo He, Qihao Huang, Yuzhen Fan, Jiming Chen

原文摘要

Spreading in real-world networks, including modern communication and networked systems, often unfolds through group interactions rather than isolated pairwise contacts. Higher-order network representations such as simplicial complexes, hypergraphs, and their temporal, multilayer, and directed extensions provide a principled way to encode group interactions. Unfortunately, existing studies on spreading over these substrates remain fragmented and largely model-centric, offering limited insight into how higher-order representations and contagion mechanisms jointly shape emergent dynamics. This review addresses this gap by introducing a structure-mechanism-behavior three-level perspective that provides a systematic mapping from higher-order network structures and spreading mechanisms to collective behaviors. Within this framework, we compare how different higher-order network representations encode group interactions, introduce a taxonomy of contagion mechanisms, and analyze their structural carrying capacity, defined as the ability of a given representation to support specific contagion mechanisms and the associated dynamical behaviors. We further map specific structure-mechanism combinations to three hallmark emergent behaviors, thereby offering a unified cross-level perspective beyond existing model-centric surveys. These insights are particularly relevant for communication systems involving group interactions, such as social information spreading, cooperative protocols, and distributed networked processes. Lastly, leveraging this three-level perspective, we offer a roadmap for guiding and controlling dynamics on higher-order networks, while discussing future directions in representation choice, mechanism design, and data-driven inference.

cs.SI · physics.app-ph

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.38095

Nemotron 3.5 Super and Lightning: Open, Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Models for Agentic AI

NVIDIA, :, Aastha Jhunjhunwala, Aayushi Ashokkumar Srivastava, Abhibha Gupta, Abhinav Garg, Abhinav Khattar, Achsah Wildish 等 559 位作者

原文摘要

We introduce Nemotron 3.5 Super and Nemotron 3.5 Lightning, open and efficient Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid Mamba-Transformer models designed for reasoning, long-context understanding, and agentic workloads. Super is a 120B-parameter, 12B-active multimodal model, while Lightning is a smaller 30B-parameter, 3B-active text model; both designed for efficient deployment. Both models combine large-scale distillation, long-context training, and native speculative decoding, while Super further incorporates Indic continued pretraining and agentic software-engineering mid-training. We develop a comprehensive post-training pipeline spanning supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning (RLVR and RLHF), complemented in Super by specialized teacher training and multi- teacher on-policy distillation (MOPD). This transforms Super from a text-only base model into a multimodal agent capable of reasoning over text, images, video, and interactive tool environments. We further explore test-time scaling through parallel agent execution and self-verification. Across training and deployment, we jointly optimize capability and efficiency. Indic continued pretraining improves Indian-language benchmarks by up to 9.82 percentage points, while agentic mid-training strengthens software-engineering capabilities and robustness across agent harnesses. The post-trained Super model achieves 51.78% on SWE-bench Pro, surpassing Nemotron 3 Ultra despite using approximately 4.6x fewer active parameters. Post-training MTP boosting improves speculative- decoding acceptance length by up to 21.8% under probabilistic draft sampling, while NVFP4 quantization achieves 99.62% median accuracy recovery relative to BF16. Inference optimizations enable up to 4,856 output tokens/s/GPU on GB200 while sustaining at least 50 tokens/s/user.

cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.37609

EnvSched: Environment-Aware Scheduling for Rollout-Efficient Agent Reinforcement Learning

Sihan Yang, Weichen Bai, Ruichuan An, Yiming Cheng, Zhiyuan Feng, Tianyi Jiang, Renye Yan, Ning Ding 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

As executable environments for language agents scale, generating and verifying their rollouts becomes increasingly expensive. Under finite rollout budgets, this raises an important question: can data management at the environment level make agentic reinforcement learning (RL) more efficient by organizing, evaluating, and scheduling task instances together with the environments that determine their tools, states, transitions, and verification? To address this question, we introduce EnvSched (Environment-aware Scheduling), an online scheduler that learns from rollout history. EnvSched assigns scheduling value through two complementary modeling choices: exploitation prioritizes tasks likely to provide informative reward differences, while coverage spreads each batch across underobserved environments and interaction patterns. EnvSched organizes environment--task pairs as nodes in a dual-relation graph, with within-environment edges capturing task semantics and shared tool, state, and verifier structure, and cross-environment edges capturing abstract execution and reward topology. By propagating historical rollout statistics along both edge types, it predicts within-task reward variance. These predictions guide a scheduler that allocates each batch to tasks with high predicted reward variance and underobserved environments and tasks. Environment quotas and a similarity penalty further limit concentration and redundancy, yielding informative and diverse batches without additional pilot rollouts. In RL on Qwen3-8B, EnvSched achieves an average score of 48.81 across BFCL-v3, tau-Bench, and ACEBench-Agent after 40 training steps, exceeding the highest score attained by random task selection after 120 steps. It also improves downstream performance across model sizes at the same training budget.

cs.LG · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.37056

Quantized Edge Inference of a Self-Supervised SAR-Optical Encoder on Commodity x86 Hardware

Christian Sanchez-Leon, Dongming Chen

原文摘要

Self-supervised vision transformers are increasingly used as reusable encoders for Earth observation, but their inference cost on the hardware available in the field is rarely characterized. We deploy a pretrained SAR-optical masked-autoencoder encoder on three commodity x86 nodes, from a low-power CPU without AVX2 to an AVX2+VNNI reference, at FP32, FP16 and INT8 on the CPU and, where present, the integrated GPU, and report latency, energy (RAPL and wall plug) and linear-probe accuracy. Quantization is accuracy-neutral: INT8 changes micro-mAP by only +0.0006, within the seed spread, so precision becomes a pure cost decision. INT8 lowers CPU latency on every node, by 1.45x even on the CPU without AVX2, and CPU energy wherever it is measured, and the VNNI reference (1.53x) suggests a further gain beyond AVX2. The Pareto-optimal device shifts from the integrated GPU, which is 4.38x faster than the CPU on the weakest node, to the CPU as the CPU class improves.

eess.IV · cs.CV · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36959

Live-OPSD: On-Policy Self-Distillation for Proactive Streaming Large Video Models

Kaixuan Du, Xin Wan, Dai Guan, Ming Chen, Xiaoxi Jiang, Guanjun Jiang

原文摘要

Streaming multimodal assistants must make response decisions while events are still unfolding. They need to recognize when the available evidence warrants a response, produce an appropriate continuation, and remain silent otherwise. Supervised fine-tuning learns from recorded assistant turns, but does not directly train on the response prefixes produced by the evolving policy itself. We introduce Live-OPSD, an on-policy self-distillation method that uses privileged hints available only during training to supervise the policy on its own outputs. The policy first generates a continuation from the streaming context alone. The same model then re-evaluates that continuation with a hint describing the relevant evidence, and the resulting distributions guide the unhinted policy. On Qwen3-Omni-30B-A3B, Live-OPSD attains an average score of 59.64 on LiveProBench, 5.26 points above the strongest continued-SFT baseline, and stays competitive on OVO-Bench (65.84). These results indicate that guiding the policy on its own outputs with privileged hints improves both when and how a streaming assistant responds.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36844

AxisQ: Depth-Adaptive Channel--Frequency Quantization for Camouflaged Object Detection

Chi Ruan, Tianqi Li, Xin He, Xue Geng, Ming-Ming Cheng, Yun Liu

原文摘要

Camouflaged object detection (COD) depends on weak texture and boundary cues that can be destroyed by aggressive post-training quantization (PTQ). Existing PTQ methods mainly optimize quantizers or reconstruct network blocks, while using a single precision-allocation domain throughout hierarchical backbones. Instead, we introduce AxisQ, a depth-adaptive bit-allocation framework motivated by the observation that the useful allocation axis changes with feature depth. Under a fixed per-layer average activation-bit budget, AxisQ allocates precision in the channel domain for shallow features and in the local-frequency domain for deep features, using COD-aware sensitivity to better preserve subtle foreground regions and ambiguous boundaries. We also formulate a boundary-aware Hessian approximation for reconstruction by incorporating boundary-weighted gradient and error statistics. Experiments across multiple COD models and diverse benchmarks demonstrate improved accuracy over the strongest baselines at low bit widths, with relative weighted F-measure gains of 12.7% for CFRN and 33.3% for CamoFormer-P on CAMO under W2A2 quantization. These results support adapting the allocation domain to feature depth as a transferable quantization strategy for hierarchical COD models.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36011

E0.5: From Reconstructive to Future-Predictive 3D Foundations for Robotic World-Action Modeling

X-Era AI Lab Team, :, Jianhao Lai, Zhihao Zhan, Zhiquan Liao, Qichang Li, Shubin Chen, Zhiyuan Liu 等 28 位作者

原文摘要

World-action models (WAMs) offer a promising framework for embodied intelligence, yet mainstream approaches remain centered on video foundation models or vision-language models. Even when geometric features extracted by 3D models such as VGGT are incorporated, they are typically passed into a video model or VLM that serves as the primary backbone, leaving 3D geometry as an auxiliary input or prediction target rather than the native foundation for world modeling. We present E0.5, a geometry-native world-action model built directly on 3D foundation models. E0.5 introduces two key innovations. First, it adopts a 3D foundation model as the primary backbone, making 3D geometry the native representation for both world modeling and action prediction. Second, it explicitly predicts future 3D states together with actions, enabling the model to capture geometric world dynamics beyond action-only modeling or future video prediction. Experiments on RoboTwin 2.0 first demonstrate the effectiveness of E0.5 without embodied-data pretraining, achieving success rates of 89.90\% and 50.09\% under clean and randomized settings, respectively. Building on these results, we further pretrain E0.5 on more than 160k robot trajectories from AgiBotWorld-Beta, jointly learning robot actions and future geometry within the pretrained 3D foundation. This embodied pretraining improves mean real-world manipulation success rates by approximately 15 and 7 percentage points on AgileX Piper and Zerith H1, respectively. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of geometry-native foundations to acquire robot interaction knowledge and transfer it to physical manipulation. E0.5 embodies this geometry-native approach as a member of the VWA family of world-action models.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1363ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

DEFT: Demystifying VLN Failures via a Unified Dual-View Explainability Framework for LLM-based Agents

Yawen Wang, Yihan Dai University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jianming Chen, Junjie Wang Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qing Wang

原文摘要

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as central planners in Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN), yet their complexity increasingly obscures their internal decision-making. Existing interpretability methods typically isolate temporal criticality from feature salience, creating an alignment gap and failing to account for the behavioral instability of black-box agents. To address this, we propose DEFT, a unified dual-view framework that demystifies agent behavior by jointly analyzing \textit{when} a decision is pivotal and \textit{what} visual evidence grounds it. Featuring a dual-head architecture with a shared latent representation, DEFT employs a \textit{Mask Head} for counterfactual-based criticality detection and an \textit{Action Head} that leverages an ensemble of surrogates to recover robust visual cues. Extensive experiments on MatterPort3D across three LLM-based agents demonstrate that DEFT outperforms baselines in both temporal and feature fidelity. User studies further validate its utility, showing 78% alignment with human intuition.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1797ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

HalluAudio: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Hallucination Detection in Large Audio-Language Models

Feiyu Zhao, Yiming Chen, Wenhuan Lu Tianjin University, China, Daipeng Zhang, Xianghu Yue, Jianguo Wei Tianjin University

原文摘要

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have recently achieved strong performance across various audio-centric tasks. However, hallucination, where models generate responses that are semantically incorrect or acoustically unsupported, remains largely underexplored in the audio domain. Existing hallucination benchmarks mainly focus on text or vision, while the few audio-oriented studies are limited in scale, modality coverage, and diagnostic depth. We therefore introduce HalluAudio, the first large-scale benchmark for evaluating hallucinations across speech, environmental sound, and music. HalluAudio comprises over 5K human-verified QA pairs and spans diverse task types, including binary judgments, multi-choice reasoning, attribute verification, and open-ended QA. To systematically induce hallucinations, we design adversarial prompts and mixed-audio conditions. Beyond accuracy, our evaluation protocol measures hallucination rate, yes/no bias, error-type analysis, and refusal rate, enabling a fine-grained analysis of LALM failure modes. We benchmark a broad range of open-source and proprietary models, providing the first large-scale comparison across speech, sound, and music. Our results reveal significant deficiencies in acoustic grounding, temporal reasoning, and music attribute understanding, underscoring the need for reliable and robust LALMs.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1894ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Mind Reader: Latent User Demand-Guided Content Optimization for Generative Search Engine

Tong Chen Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, JiaWei Guo, Yuxi Li Beihang University, Baiming Chen Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Houxing Ren Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhang Zhiwei, Yunxiang Zhang, Hanyang Xia Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Generative Search Engines (GSEs) have reshaped information retrieval, and Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) emerges to improve the content visibility in GSEs’ responses. Previous methods mainly rely on empirical strategies or query-dependent preferences of GSEs for content optimization. However, they remain limited in effectiveness as they overlook the latent user search demands in queries that drive content retrieval and response generation of GSEs. To address this, we propose Mind Reader, a novel GEO method to effectively improve the content visibility within the generated responses of GSEs through content optimization guided by the extracted latent demands of user search. Specifically, we propose a decomposition-recombination query augmentation module, which enriches the query with latent semantic information by decomposing it into diverse perspectives, capturing underlying semantic information, and recombining them into variants to support subsequent optimization. Then, we propose a reasoning coverage content optimization module. By optimizing content to cover critical reasoning information of GSEs, we align the content with the user search demands, effectively improving the content visibility. Extensive experiments on widely used GEO-Bench and our proposed PC-GEO show that our method significantly outperforms baselines and effectively improves content visibility (with up to 2.44x objective metrics and 1.23x subjective metrics on average).

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表