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原文摘要

Near-field communications have emerged as a promising technology for future sixth-generation (6G) networks. However, designing energy-efficient hybrid beamfocusing schemes for multiuser (MU) systems remains challenging due to the non-convex quality-of-service (QoS) constraints and hardware limitations of hybrid architectures. In this paper, we investigate a hybrid massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architecture for a near-field sub-THz MU downlink system employing a large uniform circular array (UCA) at the base station. A QoS-aware transmit power minimization problem is formulated for energy-efficient beamfocusing and addressed through a two-stage penalty-driven joint optimization (PDJO) framework, where auxiliary variables are introduced to reformulate the QoS constraints into second-order cone (SOC) constraints. Furthermore, a near-field polar-domain codebook is developed via joint angle- and distance-domain sampling. We establish that the fully digital (FD) beamfocuser lies within the column space of the proposed codebook, enabling hybrid precoder design to be formulated as a multiple measurement vector (MMV)-based sparse approximation problem. The formulated problem is then solved using a low-complexity simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit (SOMP) algorithm under hardware and transmit power constraints. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves spectral- and energy-efficiency performance close to the ideal FD beamfocusing scheme while providing a favorable trade-off between hardware complexity and system performance.