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arXiv 最近完成扫描:2026-11-15 07:45 · 全站最近入库:2026-11-14 15:09各信源进度 →

统计口径与数据新鲜度

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.14355

CLADE:检索增强语言模型在证据不足时的类别级作答

CLADE: Category-Level Answering from Deficient Evidence in Retrieval-Augmented Language Models

S M Rayeed, Charles V. Stewart, Yao Ma

AI 速读 基于摘要

作者提出并研究检索增强语言模型面对“可解析的不足证据”(只给出更粗粒度类别的段落)时倾向于猜测而非弃答或继续检索的现象 CLADE。

cs.AI

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Retrieval-augmented systems often retrieve passages that are accurate and relevant but state the answer at a coarser level of granularity than the question requires. For example, a question may ask which specific disease a drug treats (familial hyperlipidemia), while the retrieved passage mentions the broader disease family (hyperlipidemia). Prior work on context sufficiency treats such coarse passages simply as insufficient. We argue that they form a distinct case, which we call resolvable insufficiency: text alone cannot settle the fine-grained answer, but the broader category it mentions maps to a short list of candidate answers in a domain ontology. When language models read these coarse, family-only passages, they exhibit a phenomenon we call Clade (Category-Level Answering from Deficient Evidence): they answer instead of abstaining or searching further. On biomedical questions from PrimeKG, family-only passages reduce abstention by 13.8 points compared to uninformative passages, and the resulting guesses are wrong about half the time. A counterfactual test confirms the cause: replacing an exact disease name with its broader family name lowers abstention by 17.4 points compared to deleting the sentence. Simple fixes like confidence filtering, scaling to a larger model, and explicitly instructing the model to abstain cannot resolve Clade, and this replicates on ecological species interactions in GloBI. Finally, we test whether an ontology can turn coarse passages into exact answers. Given the correct family, an ontology list includes the true answer in 98.5% of cases, but string matching finds that family on the page for only 19.8%. Letting the model choose the family raises this to 30.0% and end-to-end recovery from 10.0% to 26.8%. Overall, our results show when language models should stop guessing and consult an ontology, and highlight which steps of that process remain unsolved.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05559

How Finely Can Vision-Language Models See Biology? Bio-VQA: A Benchmark for Taxonomic, Morphological, Spatial and Individual Reasoning

S M Rayeed, Qian Ma, Charles V. Stewart, Yao Ma

原文摘要

In biodiversity monitoring, a single image raises several questions: which taxon, how many, which trait, and whether the individual has been seen before. Vision-language models (VLMs) could answer all of these from the image, but their ability is largely untested in biology, as existing benchmarks focus mostly on species identification within a few taxonomic groups. We present Bio-VQA, the largest biological visual question answering (VQA) benchmark and the only one to span four aspects of biological visual understanding: hierarchical taxonomic reasoning, fine-grained attribute grounding, quantitative spatial reasoning, and individual re-identification. Bio-VQA contains 1.86M questions over 217K images from 11 public datasets, and extends right-or-wrong scoring to graded scoring, so a near-miss counts for more than a distant one. Evaluating 18 open-weight models from 3.75B to 38.4B parameters, we find that general visual capabilities do not transfer to biological organisms: the best model counts animals exactly on 41.7% of images with 2 to 10 individuals, less than half its accuracy on everyday objects at the same counts. Taxonomic accuracy falls to one sixth, from 0.72 at phylum to 0.12 at scientific name, and scaling helps mostly at coarse ranks. The gap to a domain specialist widens accordingly, from 0.731 against BioCLIP-2's 0.874 at class (1.2x) to 0.269 against 0.544 at scientific name (2x). On trait size measurement, 15 of the 18 models do no better than an image-blind baseline that predicts one fixed number for every specimen, and on re-identification, 17 of the 18 models fall below chance under adversarial conditions. These failures persist across a tenfold range of model size. We hope Bio-VQA becomes a standard test of how well VLM capabilities transfer to the biological domain.

cs.CV · cs.AI