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原文摘要

Software architecture is one of the skills novice developers must master to succeed in industry, and as AI disrupts software development, it is also transforming how students learn architecture. Existing work on how students and novices work with AI has mostly focused on small programming exercises or on students' perceptions of AI, so little is known about how students experience AI as they learn software architecture in larger team projects. We report on an exploratory case study of 43 senior software engineering students who used AI throughout a semester-long, team-based software architecture project. We combined surveys with focus groups and analyzed the focus group transcripts and the open survey responses through Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. We constructed two themes. The first, Surrendering Judgment to AI, traces how participants' reliance on AI deepened as they used it to architect and implement their systems, until they surrendered their judgment and became stuck in a codebase they had created but could not understand, which made them rely on AI even more. Participants described feeling ashamed, frustrated, and emotionally disconnected from their work, a toll that, in our reading, left them with even less reason to break their reliance. The second, Applying Human Judgment, centers on participants who kept or reclaimed their judgment: the knowledge and experience it rested on, and the strategies they used to apply it. Participants' accounts suggest that relaxed deadlines and a lecture and lab on working with AI gave them room to acquire knowledge and reclaim judgment. Given the expectations placed on junior developers and the widespread adoption of AI, we believe these first-hand accounts can help software engineering education and industry adopt AI in ways that preserve novice developers' judgment, ownership, and motivation.