Content-style decomposition from a single image is a fundamental challenge in personalized image generation, aiming to separate subject identity from visual style for flexible recomposition. Existing approaches primarily operate in the spatial domain, without explicitly exploiting the distinct frequency characteristics naturally associated with content and style. In this paper, we propose WaveletLoRA, a novel frequency-aware framework for explicit content-style decomposition through wavelet-domain supervision. Specifically, we first apply a multi-level discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to decompose the reference image into low-frequency and high-frequency subbands. We then assign a dedicated LoRA branch to each subband, where the low-frequency branch models global appearance for style acquisition, while the high-frequency branches capture structural details for content preservation. To further improve disentanglement quality, we introduce a dense Mixture-of-Experts aggregation module together with a frequency-domain regularization objective, which reduces style leakage and enhance content fidelity. In addition, we establish WaveBench and develop a VLM-based evaluation protocol that explicitly measures both attribute similarity and attribute separation for disentanglement assessment. Extensive experiments demonstrate that WaveletLoRA consistently outperforms existing methods and produces results that better align with human preference.
Attention-based time series forecasters commonly group consecutive observations into patches. Patch length is known to have a substantial impact on forecasting performance, yet its selection remains largely empirical. We develop a theoretical framework that explains why patch length matters for forecasting accuracy and provides a principled basis for its selection. For linear state-space models, we derive an exact factorization of the forecasting coefficient matrix that separates forecast dynamics from filtering dynamics. We show that dominance of a single forecast component at long horizons does not generally imply a rank-one representation. This explains why longer horizons alone need not reduce representational complexity. We combine the factorization with estimation bounds to develop a patch-selection criterion that balances representation and estimation errors under temporal dependence. Our analysis establishes conditions under which balanced patching is justified and clarifies how predictive structure, head count, training sample size, and long-run dependence enter the selection criterion.
Ruixin Fan, Weining Wang, Jiahui Sun, Tailai Chen, Jing Liu
原文摘要
Unified multimodal models (UMMs) jointly support visual understanding and image generation, yet information flow between these two capabilities remains largely asymmetric: understanding representations routinely condition generation, whereas generative representations are rarely reused for multimodal reasoning. In this work, we investigate whether intermediate representations from a UMM's native diffusion branch can enhance spatial reasoning without compromising general multimodal understanding. We propose DiFuse, which selectively incorporates intermediate diffusion representations into the understanding pathway of UMMs. Through systematic layer-wise analysis, we identify which diffusion representations are most informative and where they can be integrated with minimal interference to semantic processing. Guided by these findings, DiFuse spatially aligns diffusion features with visual tokens and injects them into selected multimodal decoder layers via residual fusion. Extensive experiments on UniWorld-V1 show that, DiFuse consistently improves spatial reasoning over a matched SFT baseline while maintaining broadly comparable performance on general multimodal benchmarks. Further analyses show that these gains depend critically on the choice of diffusion representations, injection positions, and the preservation of spatial correspondence between diffusion features and visual tokens. Results on OmniGen2 further demonstrate the transferability of DiFuse across unified multimodal architectures. Overall, our findings show that native diffusion representations can provide complementary spatial cues for multimodal reasoning when selectively integrated in a structure-preserving manner.