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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.17060

Ropedia Xperience 2:面向物理AI环境与行为规模化扩展的黄金标准

Ropedia Xperience 2: A Gold Standard for Scaling Physical AI Environments and Behaviors

Hao Li, Fangzhou Hong, Zhaoxi Chen, Hui En Pang, Kairui Hu, Mingze Sun, Runmao Yao, Xinhao Ji 等 21 位作者

AI 速读 基于摘要

作者提出并发布一个联合采集真实环境三维扫描与人类行为示范的数据集,并展示如何将其转化为机器人学习可用的仿真环境与轨迹。

cs.CV

查看原文摘要

Large foundation models such as GPT-6 Astra and Claude Fable 5.1 have recently been shown to control robots directly from visual observations. They nevertheless remain brittle on long-horizon, contact-rich tasks in real-world environments. Further progress depends on two complementary resources: demonstrations of human behavior that supervise how tasks are performed, and interactive environments in which policies can be rolled out, evaluated, and improved in closed loop. Language models have advanced along well-characterized scaling laws; the corresponding question for physical AI is how capability scales with environments and behaviors, which first requires identifying which data to scale and how to produce and reuse such data continuously. To address this question, we introduce Ropedia Xperience 2, comprising 1,589 released metric-scale 3D scans and a collection of 4,230 egocentric recordings of 74 tasks (131 hours). We further show that each capture can be repurposed for robot learning: scenes are converted into physically interactive simulation environments, human motion is retargeted to whole-body robot trajectories, and additional robot behaviors are obtained through virtual teleoperation and automated long-horizon trajectory generation. We propose this joint capture of environments and behaviors as a gold standard for physical AI data collection, laying a data foundation for establishing scaling laws over environments and behaviors.

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.10932

CamChoreo: Benchmarking Temporally Grounded Compositional Camera Motion Understanding for Vision Language Models

Dazhao Du, Shiyan Du, Jian Liu, Yongjian Yu, Bohai Gu, Tao Han, Jie Zhang, Hualuo Liu 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

Understanding camera motion is fundamental to video perception, with applications in spatial intelligence and controllable video generation. Existing camera motion evaluations typically assign labels to entire clips, overlooking within-shot changes and simultaneous movements. We therefore formulate camera motion understanding as temporally grounded, compositional recognition, requiring models to localize motion-consistent intervals and identify all active movements. We introduce CamChoreo, the first benchmark for this task, comprising 4,229 diverse single-shot clips with expert temporal annotations using 20 direction-aware labels. Nearly half of its segments contain compound camera motion. We also construct a separate training corpus of approximately 43K clips with the same annotation format. On CamChoreo, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on this corpus achieves 62.1/64.1 micro F1 with 4B/8B backbones, outperforming advanced closed-source vision language models (VLMs). To complement the primarily semantic representations of VLM visual encoders with cross-frame geometry, we introduce CamInject, which injects features from a frozen 3D foundation model into the VLM. CamInject improves over SFT but requires running the costly 3D model at inference. We instead propose CamDistill, which distills the same geometric knowledge into lightweight camera tokens during training and removes the 3D model at inference. CamDistill improves micro F1 over same-data SFT by 5.4/3.7 points on 4B/8B backbones, closely approaching CamInject. CamDistill-8B also demonstrates strong zero-shot transfer on the external camera motion understanding benchmarks CameraBench and CameraMotionVQA. Together, these resources and CamDistill enable benchmarking and improving temporally grounded, compositional camera motion understanding.

cs.CV · cs.AI

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2611.03043

VideoEditor-MoE: Scaling Complex Video Editing with Mixture of Experts

Xiao Cao, Fuchen Long, Yansong Qu, Wen Xiao, Xin Zhang, Xinlong Sun, Xi Chen, Zhiyong Huang

原文摘要

Complex video editing requires understanding complex instructions while jointly fulfilling multiple editing requests. Meeting these demands through dense model scaling substantially increases computational cost. We introduce VideoEditor-MoE, the first open-source mixture-of-experts framework for video editing. Beyond sparse MLP-MoE layers, MoE-Attention expands attention capacity through routed key--value experts while preserving global interactions among video tokens. Initialized from a 5B video editing model, VideoEditor-MoE scales to 14B and 56B parameters, with approximately 8B parameters activated per token in both variants. Comparisons with existing methods and two complementary baselines, Explicit-MoE and MLP-MoE, assess its benefits over explicit expert guidance and MLP-only expert architectures. Further analyses demonstrate that all experts remain active and reveal that learned routing responds more strongly to sample content and diffusion noise levels than to human-defined editing categories. Spatial analysis further indicates sensitivity to object-level semantic features. We also identify decoupled weight decay as a strategy for stabilizing expert scaling.

cs.CV · cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.06407

WavCube: Unifying Speech Representation for Understanding and Generation via Semantic-Acoustic Joint Modeling

Guanrou Yang, Tian Tan, Qian Chen, Zhikang Niu, Yakun Song, Ziyang Ma, Yushen Chen, Zeyu Xie 等 15 位作者

原文摘要

Integrating speech understanding and generation is a pivotal step toward building unified speech models. However, the different representations required for these two tasks currently pose significant compatibility challenges. Typically, semantics-oriented features are learned from self-supervised learning (SSL), and acoustic-oriented features from reconstruction. Such fragmented representations hinder the realization of truly unified speech systems. We present WavCube, a compact continuous latent derived from an SSL speech encoder that simultaneously supports speech understanding, reconstruction, and generation. WavCube employs a two-stage training scheme. Stage 1 trains a semantic bottleneck to filter off-manifold redundancy that makes raw SSL features intractable for diffusion. Stage 2 injects fine-grained acoustic details via end-to-end reconstruction, while a semantic anchoring loss ensures the representation remains grounded within its original semantic manifold. Comprehensive experiments show that WavCube closely approaches WavLM performance on SUPERB despite an 8x dimensional compression, attains reconstruction quality on par with existing acoustic representations, delivers state-of-the-art zero-shot TTS performance with markedly faster training convergence, and excels in speech enhancement, separation, and voice conversion tasks on the SUPERB-SG benchmark. Systematic ablations reveal that WavCube's two-stage recipe resolves two intrinsic flaws of SSL features for generative modeling, paving the way for future unified speech systems. Codes and checkpoints are available at https://github.com/yanghaha0908/WavCube.

eess.AS · cs.AI · cs.CL

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2504.04404

fRAC: Remote Accelerator Calls on Hostless FPGAs

Ziyi Yang, Krishnan B. Iyer, Yixi Chen, Ran Shu, Zsolt István, Marco Canini, Suhaib A. Fahmy

原文摘要

Hardware accelerators are essential for meeting microsecond-scale demands in distributed applications, but invoking them over the network remains bottlenecked by host software. Host-mediated paths (RPC, RDMA) still rely on the CPU to reassemble requests and launch accelerators, which dominates end-to-end latency, while packet-level offload on SmartNICs lacks any notion of a complete request. We introduce the Remote Accelerator Call (RAC) paradigm, in which transport ingestion, request reassembly, dispatch, and accelerator invocation are handled entirely in hardware. We build fRAC, a hostless prototype that implements this network-to-accelerator interface as a lightweight shim on an FPGA hosting multiple virtualized accelerators, reconfigurable at runtime in a few milliseconds. Serverless functions backed by fine-grained accelerators are a natural fit, since host-mediated invocation overhead can match or exceed their short execution times. fRAC achieves under 7.8us end-to-end latency while sustaining application throughput of up to 90 Gbps. Compared to highly optimized DPDK-based CPU and DPU baselines, it achieves at least 80% lower latency under saturation, while consuming 85% less power.

cs.NI · cs.AR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13708

FedVP: Federated Learning across Heterogeneous Models by Pooling Locally Trained Verifiers

Yifan Li, Xi Chen

原文摘要

Conventional federated learning relies on the shared model backbone to aggregate client updates, limiting collaboration among institutions that deploy large language models (LLMs) from different families and at different scales. We propose Federated Verifier Pool (FEDVP), a new federated learning paradigm that enables heterogeneous clients to collaborate through shared verification rather than parameter aggregation. Each client trains a verifier using local data and responses generated by its chosen LLM backbone. The server pools these independently trained verifiers and combines their judgments to select answers without merging model parameters. This allows both LLM backbones and verifiers to differ in architecture and size, while keeping the LLM backbones frozen and deriving collaborative gains from improved answer selection. We evaluate FEDVP across five public medical question-answering datasets treated as federated clients, using Qwen and LLaMA backbones ranging from 3B to 14B parameters. FEDVP consistently improves performance across all five clients and outperforms the strongest conventional federated baselines by 1.46-5.79 percentage points in mean accuracy.

cs.LG

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.11166

DexForesight: Grounding Dexterous Policies with Implicit Spatial Foresight

Zhongxi Chen, Yi Yang, Xinyi Chen, Mingzhe Ye, Yaping Li, Zhihong Liu, Congsheng Xu, Haonan Wang 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Dexterous manipulation requires rich spatial foresight over both the surrounding scene and the robot hand. Existing world-action models often acquire such predictive knowledge through explicit future prediction. We introduce DexForesight, a framework that learns spatial foresight implicitly by injecting dynamics-aware world representations into the latent space of a dexterous policy. During training, DexForesight learns an action-conditioned spatial world model from offline scene depth, kinematic hand geometry, and demonstration trajectories. The world model predicts 3D hand-point motion and visual feature changes, capturing both articulated hand dynamics and scene changes under demonstrated actions, including the motion of fingers occluded from the cameras. We then freeze the world model and align policy queries with its predictive world queries, transferring the learned spatial dynamics into policy latents and using them to condition action generation. At deployment, only the policy is retained, operating on RGB observations, language, and robot state without depth input or explicit future prediction. On 11 DexJoCo simulation tasks, DexForesight improves the overall success rate of the base policy from 49.4% to 60.5%. On three real-robot dexterous manipulation tasks, DexForesight achieves 58.3% success, compared with 50.0% for the strongest baseline. Project page https://dexforesight.github.io/

cs.RO

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.14097

Stylization as Geodesic Navigation on Diffusion Manifolds

Yan Li, Zehao Li, Xinlong Sun, Fuchen Long, Xi Chen, Wenhan Luo, Yike Guo

原文摘要

Facial stylization asks for a delicate transformation: the image should look unmistakably artistic, yet the person should remain unmistakably the same. Existing training-free and instruction-driven methods often fail to expose such control, either drifting away from identity or producing only weak stylization. We introduce Stylus, a training-free framework that treats facial style transfer as navigation on the curved latent manifold of a pretrained diffusion model. Rather than interpolating in flat Euclidean space, \method refines the interpolated content--style point by lowering a ratio-weighted discrete geodesic energy under the pullback metric, made tractable by a rank-one power-iteration approximation of the Jacobian. This principle drives two complementary controls: content--style latent interpolation for smooth semantic fusion, and self-attention query optimization for spatially adaptive style injection. The resulting dual-control mechanism provides continuous, fine-grained control over stylization strength while preserving identity-critical facial structure, all without additional training. Experiments show that Stylus achieves the strongest identity and content preservation at competitive stylization strength.

cs.CV · cs.LG

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2611.06918

From Pixels to Actions--Towards Native Vision-Language-Action Policies

Weichen Fan, Haiwen Diao, Penghao Wu, Siyuan Hu, Ziqi Huang, Tianqi Liu, Mingze Sun, Ziyi Wang 等 17 位作者

原文摘要

Vision-language-action models are typically built on a simple premise: perception is first compressed by visual encoders, and action reasoning begins only afterwards. Yet manipulation often hinges on precisely the visual signals most vulnerable to this abstraction, e.g., local geometry, boundaries, depth, and subtle state changes. This raises a fundamental question: should action policies inherit a fixed visual endpoint, or directly access evolving visual computation? We introduce NEO-VLA, a structurally encoder-free vision-language-action framework. Images are tokenized by lightweight patch convolutional layers and evolve jointly with language throughout the backbone, allowing a flow-matching action expert to draw from instruction-conditioned visual representations at different depths. This simple change reveals a consistent pattern. Native architectures outperform encoder-based counterparts under controlled comparisons; full fine-tuning reduces but does not erase the gap, and additional scale alone cannot recover it. More strikingly, layer-wise probing shows that the action-critical signals often peak well before the final visual representation. Across diverse manipulation settings and distribution shifts, NEO-VLA consequently achieves stronger and more robust control. Together, these results suggest that embodied control benefits from access to visual representations across the computational hierarchy, rather than a fixed encoder output.

cs.CV

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2604.22904

Triple-Phase Sequential Fusion Network with Contrast Enhancement Kinetics for Hepatobiliary-Phase Liver MRI Synthesis

Qiuli Wang, Xinhuan Sun, Fengxi Chen, Yongxu Liu, Jie Cheng, Lin Chen, Jiafei Chen, Siwei Miao 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI is essential for the detection and characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, acquisition of the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) requires a prolonged post-contrast delay, which reduces workflow efficiency and increases the risk of motion artifacts. In this study, we propose a Triple-Phase Sequential Fusion Network (TriPF-Net) with contrast enhancement kinetics to synthesize HBP images by leveraging the sequential information from pre-HBP sequences: while T1-weighted imaging serves as the indispensable baseline, the model adaptively integrates arterial-phase (AP) and venous-phase (VP) features when available. By modeling the tissue-specific contrast uptake and excretion dynamics across these three phases, TriPF-Net ensures robust HBP synthesis even under the stochastic absence of one or both dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences. In addition, clinical variables, including age, sex, total bilirubin, and albumin, are incorporated to enhance physiological consistency. Compared with conventional methods, TriPF-Net achieved superior performance on datasets from two centers. On the first-center dataset, the model achieved an MAE of 10.65, a PSNR of 23.27, and an SSIM of 0.76. On the second-center dataset, the model was trained independently, and the corresponding values were 12.41, 23.11, and 0.78, respectively. Moreover, lesion-level evaluation showed that the synthesized images achieved contrast comparable to that of real HBP images, with no significant difference in CNR (P = 0.2699). Blinded evaluations confirmed synthesized images were visually comparable to real HBP, with TriPF-Net remaining robust to missing input phases. This flexible solution enhances clinical workflow and lesion depiction, and may also serve as an automated quality control reference to flag real HBP acquisitions that warrant closer inspection.

eess.IV · cs.CV

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11065

Analysis of the Effect of Doppler on Direct-to-Cell: Real-World Performance and Proposed Improvements

Yuxi Chen, Muhammad Iqbal Rochman, Kyler McCormack, Jakob Kotz, Monisha Ghosh

原文摘要

Direct-to-cell (DtC) satellites serve unmodified LTE phones today from low Earth orbit, where the satellite's motion creates Doppler shifts of tens of kHz. Since large offsets such as these cannot be compensated adequately by the user equipment (UE), the satellite pre-compensates the Doppler shift of each beam, but it can do so for only one reference point in the beam. A UE elsewhere in the beam still has to compensate a residual offset; previous field studies report residuals of up to 10 kHz, beyond the $\pm$7.5 kHz that the 15 kHz subcarrier spacing can resolve. In this paper we corroborate this effect with our own detailed measurements of Starlink transmissions and further correlate ineffective handover performance to inadequate residual offset compensation. We analyze the Doppler compensation problem with detailed standard-specific simulations and propose a compensation method at the UE, based on the location of the UE with respect to the beam reference point used for the Doppler compensation and the known satellite location, that improves the efficiency of handover. With UE cell-specific pre-compensation, the neighbors are identified, read correctly and handed over to in time rather than lost to radio-link failure.

eess.SP · cs.IT

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.10630

Steer Unified Audio Editing Toward Reliable Source Selection

Youquan Fu, Dongnuan Cai, Yu Pan, Henghui Du, Yujia Zhang, Ping Luo, Quande Liu, Yake Wei 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Unified audio editors support diverse operations, yet often struggle to modify the intended source while preserving non-target content. We show that source selection in audio editing is shaped by early denoising states, while incorrect early selections can hardly be corrected during subsequent denoising. Motivated by these findings, we propose Source-selection Training via Early-trajectory Emphasis and Recovery (STEER), a two-stage post-training algorithm for reliable selective audio editing. STEER-Emphasis prioritizes training on task-critical early states to reduce source-selection errors, while STEER-Recovery learns corrective denoising from self-generated rollout states to recover from early deviations. To systematically assess source-selection reliability, we introduce the Selective Audio Editing Benchmark, enabling large-scale automatic evaluation of target manipulation and non-target preservation. Applying STEER to our pretrained multitask base editor gives SteerSound, a unified audio editor with leading selective editing performance among open-source audio editors. Experiments on our base editor, UNISON, and SAM Audio demonstrate that STEER consistently improves both selective editing capability and overall editing performance. Early-trajectory emphasis further brings substantial improvements in transcript-conditioned target speaker removal and separation, highlighting the broader applicability of this training principle.

cs.SD

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.10566

Online Geometric Consistency Assessment of LiDAR Measurements via Recursive Bayesian Comparison

Mingqiao Han, Qigeng Duan, Xuchen Liu, Jinqiang Cui, Xi Chen, Ben M. Chen

原文摘要

LiDAR-based localization and mapping systems produce registered point clouds that serve as geometric measurements for downstream estimation and navigation. Registration errors introduce duplicated surfaces and structural deformation into these measurements. In the absence of an independent reference, online assessment relies on geometry accumulated from earlier measurements. Such assessment requires tolerance to sampling variation and an accumulation process in which observations enter the history only after evaluation. We therefore formulate a recursive Bayesian comparison that couples geometric assessment with history maintenance. A Normal-Inverse-Wishart model represents historical voxel geometry and its uncertainty, while a weak isotropic reference adapts to current sampling. Comparing the marginal predictive support of the same current points under both models yields Normalized Drift Evidence (NDE). Assessment precedes assimilation: positive NDE triggers an alarm and preserves the preceding historical state; otherwise, the current observations update the history. Across 14 real-world sequences totaling approximately 73 min from four platform types, alarms identified all nine corrupted sequences and were absent from all five consistent sequences. In four representative scenarios with event references, first alarms occurred within 0.9 s of the reference times, with no preceding alarms. Cross-backend evaluation demonstrates consistent responses to reconstructed geometry. Ablation and controlled perturbation results establish the roles of uncertainty modeling, recursive history, displacement, and geometric support. Mean processing time is 4.2--6.1 ms per update at 1 Hz. In ten UAV trials, alarms initiated odometry isolation, landing, relocalization, and mission continuation.

cs.RO · eess.SY

版本更新 · v8arXiv:2509.24102

Pragmatic Inference for Improving Social Reasoning Generalization in Large Language Models

Guangliang Liu, Xi Chen, Bocheng Chen, Han Zi, Xitong Zhang, Yuda Chen, Kristen Johnson

原文摘要

Achieving social reasoning, including moral reasoning, cultural awareness, and politeness, is critical for the socially reliable deployment of large language models (LLMs). A key bottleneck is limited generalization: social situations that convey similar social implicatures can be expressed through highly diverse linguistic forms, creating an enormous space of possible situations and posing a substantial computational challenge even for LLMs. From a linguistic perspective, this challenge arises because social reasoning operates at the pragmatic level, requiring a pragmatic inference process to infer social implicatures from a given situation and its underlying social context. Although moral values such as moral foundations are generally considered as the representations of the social context, how to construct the corresponding pragmatic inference steps remains underexplored. Taking moral reasoning as an instance of social reasoning, this paper develops a pragmatic inference approach that enables LLMs to infer moral implicatures by (1) specifying the inferential steps through which LLMs derive moral implicatures from language, and (2) explicitly modeling the metapragmatic links among these inferential steps to bridge the pragmatic gaps between them and make such inferences learnable for LLMs. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach substantially improves LLMs' generalization in moral reasoning, highlighting the potential of pragmatic inference for future social reasoning research.

cs.CL

版本更新 · v7arXiv:2601.03079

Learning to Diagnose and Correct Moral Errors in Large Language Models

Bocheng Chen, Xi Chen, Han Zi, Haitao Mao, Zimo Qi, Xitong Zhang, Yuda Chen, Kristen Johnson 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Enabling large language models (LLMs) to diagnose and correct moral errors is crucial not only for ensuring their reliable deployment but also for charting a pathway toward continuous improvement. Existing research has primarily followed two directions: fine-tuning LLMs on corpora of morally appropriate texts and developing carefully designed prompting strategies to promote moral behavior, including moral self-correction and self-improvement. However, both lines of work often remain brittle, relying heavily on shallow heuristics rather than enabling LLMs to reason about why and how a given moral discourse is morally (in)appropriate. In this paper, we address this challenge by developing pragmatic inference-driven approach that help LLMs learn to diagnose and correct moral errors. Pragmatic inference is the reasoning process through which implied meanings are derived, a central concept in linguistics. To improve the reasoning efficiency, our approach adapt the inference procedure according to the inferential load required by different moral discourses. Empirical results demonstrate that our method not only improves LLMs' ability to diagnose and correct moral errors, but also generalizes effectively across tasks without relying on shallow heuristics.

cs.CL

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2509.00031

End-to-End On-Device Quantization-Aware Training for LLMs at Inference Cost

Qitao Tan, Xiaoying Song, Ningxi Cheng, Guoming Li, Jun Liu, Lingzi Hong, Caiwen Ding, Jundong Li 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Quantization reduces the deployment cost of large language models (LLMs). However, post-training quantization (PTQ) cannot fine-tune model parameters and often degrades accuracy in low-bit settings, while quantization-aware training (QAT) requires backpropagation and incurs high memory overhead. We propose ZeroQAT, a zeroth-order QAT framework supporting both weight and activation quantization. By using forward-only gradient estimation, ZeroQAT removes backpropagation and substantially reduces memory and computation while retaining end-to-end optimization benefits. We further introduce a lightweight variant of ZeroQAT for quantized fine-tuning, which freezes and pre-quantizes most parameters to further cut memory usage. Experiments show that ZeroQAT consistently outperforms representative PTQ and QAT baselines while requiring significantly less memory. For example, ZeroQAT enables fine-tuning of a 13B model at extremely low bit-widths (e.g., 2-4 bits) on a single 8GB GPU, and even allows fine-tuning a 6.7B model on a OnePlus 12 smartphone, demonstrating its practicality for end-to-end QAT on resource-limited edge devices.

cs.LG · cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.06748

EvoWorld: Towards Out-of-Sight World Evolution in Generative Video Models

Yequan Bie, Dengyang Jiang, Zhixuan Chen, Xiaozhuan Liang, Haoxuan Che, Quande Liu, Xi Chen, Hao Chen

原文摘要

Generative video models are increasingly used as visual world simulators, yet their primary strength lies in rendering plausible pixels rather than reasoning about how a world should evolve. Coherent world evolution requires more than visual fidelity: when an event occurs, a model must infer its consequences for the entities in the world and then render the resulting state. For example, after a wild beast appears, the model should not only depict the wild beast, but also infer whether a nearby person should flee, take cover, or fight back based on the realized scene. Existing diffusion-based video models lack an explicit mechanism for maintaining world state and reasoning over such event-conditioned consequences, often producing visually plausible but behaviorally static or causally inconsistent outputs. To make this reasoning gap concrete and measurable, we propose a new problem, Out-of-Sight Causal Evolution, which requires a model to render an event, reason about its consequences for the evolving world state, and reveal a causally plausible outcome as the world continues to evolve, even out of sight. As a baseline reference solution, we introduce EvoWorld, a brain-renderer collaboration framework in which a vision-language model serves as the world brain: it observes generated segments, maintains an evolving account of the world, and reasons about plausible state transitions, while a segment-autoregressive video renderer realizes them visually. We further introduce EvoWorld-Data and EvoWorld-Bench for training and evaluating event realization, causal reactions, and revisit consistency. Experiments show that EvoWorld substantially improves event-conditioned causal evolution over recent models while preserving visual quality and consistency, establishing a reference point for reasoning-guided, autonomous world evolution beyond the current field of view.

cs.CV · cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.21569

Decoupled Safety Control: A Safety-Control Algorithm for Training-Free Safety Guidance

Huilin Zhou, Ruoxi Cheng, Yuhang Wang, Yuming Liu, Minghao Sun, Ruolong Ma, Lan Zhang

原文摘要

Diffusion models achieve strong performance in text-to-image generation, but they can still produce unsafe content. Training-free safety guidance offers a practical inference-time alternative that intervenes during sampling without modifying model weights. However, many existing safeguards still rely on a coupled safety-control chain. In this chain, the same unsafe condition simultaneously specifies what should be avoided, indicates the current unsafe signal, constructs the intervention, and determines when that intervention remains active. This coupling can work when unsafe factors are explicit, but becomes less reliable once harmful and benign semantics are entangled in the current generation state, often leaving residual unsafe content or unnecessarily degrading benign-generation quality or prompt fidelity. We address this problem with Decoupled Safety Control (DSC), a plug-in safety-control algorithm for training-free safety guidance. DSC reformulates training-free safety guidance as an explicit state-dependent control process, so the executed intervention is determined from the current generation state rather than inherited directly from a single unsafe condition. Experiments on standard safety benchmarks show that DSC improves representative latent- and text-space safeguards, achieving stronger unsafe-content suppression while preserving benign-generation quality and maintaining efficient inference.

cs.CV

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06353

Traffic-VL: Reinforced Vision-Language Models for Generalizable End-to-End Traffic Signal Control

Xingchen Zou, Maonan Wang, Kemou Jiang, Jie Li, Yiqi Chen, Xi Chen, Hai Yang, Yuxuan Liang

原文摘要

Existing traffic signal control methods typically rely on structured traffic states produced by dedicated perception pipelines. Emerging visual approaches often use idealized simulator images and convert them into intermediate representations before control, limiting their ability to directly exploit roadside visual observations. To bridge both the visual-domain and perception-to-decision gaps, we introduce SynTra-V and Traffic-VL. SynTra-V converts physics-based traffic simulations into photorealistic multi-view surveillance imagery across diverse road topologies and sensing conditions, and automatic semantic auditing checks that control-critical geometry, vehicle movements, and lane semantics match the simulator state. Traffic-VL is an eight-billion-parameter vision-language model that directly maps synchronized multi-view images and natural-language phase descriptions to signal decisions without intermediate structured states. Building on Traffic-R1's two-stage reinforced reasoning framework, Traffic-VL adapts its vision encoder via offline reinforcement learning on SynTra-V and freezes it during online visual stepwise trajectory policy optimization in closed-loop simulation. Experiments show that Traffic-VL matches structured-state Traffic-R1 while outperforming image-based controllers and general-purpose vision-language models, including Gemini 3 Pro. Evaluations on unseen topologies, degraded sensing conditions, real surveillance footage, and a three-week deployment across ten intersections further demonstrate robust visual generalization and effective constrained online control.

cs.CV · cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06296

Multi-Resident Data Association in Smart Homes via MDP Modeling and Behavior Cloning

Xi Chen, Julien Cumin, Fano Ramparany, Dominique Vaufreydaz

原文摘要

Ambient sensors offer a privacy-preserving solution for activity recognition in smart homes, yet they face a critical challenge in multi-resident environments known as Data Association, which aims to identify the resident triggering a specific anonymous sensor event. Existing approaches fundamentally fail to maintain global consistency by often yielding conflicting associations for silent residents. Additionally, these methods frequently suffer from severe trajectory fragmentation caused by the ontological mismatch of applying continuous physical motion models to discrete logical behaviors. To address these limitations, we propose a novel framework that reformulates data association as a sequential decision-making task within a Markov Decision Process (MDP). We solve the defined MDP via Behavior Cloning (BC) to avoid complex reward engineering by directly learning from expert demonstrations. We instantiate the policy using two complementary architectures, including a lightweight Transformer that treats association as a multi-label classification task over linearized event histories, and a fine-tuned Large Language Model (LLM) that reformulates the problem as conditional text generation to leverage pre-trained semantic knowledge. Extensive evaluations on three diverse datasets demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, particularly in resolving concurrent multi-resident events. Furthermore, the LLM-based policy shows preliminary cross-environment transfer potential under benchmark settings, while its robustness in real deployments still requires further validation.

cs.AI · cs.NE

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05993

Decouple to Reuse: Fine-Grained Knowledge Augmentation for Time Series Foundation Models

Yuqian Wu, Qingxiang Liu, Yuxin Guo, Weifeng Su, Jian Li, Pengfei Xu, Xi Chen, Yutao Yue 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Time series forecasting is critical for demand prediction and resource management in modern Web services, yet applying pretrained Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) to downstream tasks remains challenging due to domain shifts. Existing retrieval-augmented approaches typically retrieve coarse-grained window contexts and may introduce context-specific noise. To address this problem, we argue that temporal patterns should be reused at a decomposition level, as effective trend and seasonal dynamics may originate from different contexts. We propose \method, a two-stage \underline{F}ine-grained \underline{K}nowledge \underline{A}ugmentation framework that decouples and consolidates pre-training knowledge into compact, task-shared residual codebooks to enhance frozen TSFMs. Specifically, Stage I constructs dual-branch residual codebooks for decoupled trend and seasonal signals, while Stage II dynamically retrieves and merges these fine-grained patterns into target representations via task-adaptive aggregation and gate fusion. Extensive experiments across eight real-world benchmarks with four representative TSFM backbones demonstrate the superior effectiveness and computational efficiency of \method, while further validating the strong transferability of the residual codebooks across different backbones. The source code is available at the anonymous repository: https://github.com/yuppielqx/TSFM-Component-Token-Adapter

cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04341

Pairwise Distortion Distribution with Graph-Based Importance Sampling for Quantization Error and Intrinsic Dimension Estimation

Xi Chen, Carl Nuzman, Shirin Jalali

原文摘要

Quantifying the dimensionality of data is a fundamental need in machine learning and signal processing applications such as representation learning, data compression, and inverse problems, where the extrinsic dimension in which the data is presented can be very different from the intrinsic dimension that determines the operational performance. Various concepts, such as Rényi information dimension, rate-distortion dimension, and quantization dimension are useful here. Despite their theoretical significance, estimating these measures are challenging given their asymptotic definitions. Recent research has shown that analyzing the pairwise distortion distribution (PDD) of a data source can provide a tractable lower bound on the distortion of random codebook quantization, from which a tractable notion of intrinsic dimension can be derived. In this paper we extend this line of research in three main ways. First, we develop a related upper bound on distortion of random codebook quantization. Second, we improve the computability of both the lower and upper bounds, using a graph-based adaptive importance sampling approach. Third, we leverage the bounds to define new notions of intrinsic dimension which form upper and lower bounds on the Rényi information dimension, rate-distortion dimension, and quantization dimension, and which can be empirically estimated from unknown data sources. We illustrate the concepts by analyzing several artificial and empirical distributions.

cs.IT · stat.ML

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02618

USDB: Scaling Storage for Next-Generation Recommender Systems at ByteDance

Xiaoran Zhu, Jieming Cai, Weiping Yu, Xi Chen, Shu Cai, Jiahao Li, Yifan Xiao, Yan Deng 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Recommendation models consume increasingly long, attribute-rich user histories, making small continuous updates and repeated large reads a central storage asymmetry. We present USDB, ByteDance's unified sequence storage practice for streaming and batch workloads. CascadeLSM time-based compaction stages materialize application-specific histories; differentiated replicas share persistent files; partial dumps reconstruct inference inputs from captured recent state and versioned history; and a hybrid columnar format accelerates projected reads. These designs reuse maintenance results across ingestion, inference, and training. Production migration records show 85.8% lower mean write latency, while normalized deployment accounting shows 42.1% lower infrastructure cost. Controlled comparisons with an Optimized RocksDB sequence baseline show faster long-history reads across projections and client loads. Aggregation pushdown sustains 8.5x the throughput of ordinary reads under a constrained receive budget. Production reconstruction and direct-file training results demonstrate how shared sequence maintenance supports fresh serving and repeated historical access.

cs.DB

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.25654

When Answer Evaluation Misleads Confidence Selection: Fact-Grounded Form Grading for Open-Ended QA

Zhexi Feng, Bingrui Zhang, Wuxi Chen

原文摘要

Many benchmarks now prefer open-ended questions for testing LLM and NLP methods. We find that the choice of a calibration rule can flip when only the correctness labels change: on 141 pilot answers, rules chosen with exact-match labels look 0.239 Brier points better than raw confidence but are 0.103 worse under human labels. How such flips arise remains unclear. We look deeply into their mechanism: reference matching rejects many correct answers (exact match misses 42%), and an exact Brier identity shows these errors favour rules giving such answers lower confidence, which abstain on them at common thresholds. Guided by this, we propose FactForm, a grader that trusts reference matches and otherwise consults evidence retrieved from the question alone. One LLM call per answer fills a fixed-order closed form that a program scores. On 998 fresh EVOUNA answers with 400 fact-based human labels, FactForm reaches a balanced error of 0.077 and an AUROC of 0.985, against 0.112 and 0.930 for the best of eight traditional graders. Its same-model stability is no worse than that of LLM judges (mean absolute run-to-run difference 0.0136 against 0.0159 to 0.0206). We hope this helps benchmarks grade open-ended answers more accurately, with repeatable and discriminative scores.

cs.CL · cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01302

A Decomposition Theorem and a Simple Algorithm for Contraction Fixed Points

Xi Chen, Yuhao Li, Mihalis Yannakakis

原文摘要

We prove a decomposition theorem for the problem of computing an approximate fixed point of a contraction map $f\colon [0,1]^k \to [0,1]^k$ under the $\ell_{\infty}$-norm. After a preliminary version of the decomposition theorem appeared on arXiv [CLY26], Feodorov and Haslebacher [FH26] gave a striking application of the theorem, showing that it can be used to convert any $\operatorname{poly}(k,\log(1/\varepsilon))$-query algorithm with running time $(k\log(1/\varepsilon))^{O(k)}$ into an algorithm with running time $(k\log(1/\varepsilon))^{O(\sqrt{k})}$. They instantiated this framework with an $O(k^2\log(1/\varepsilon))$-query algorithm with the desired running time, thereby obtaining the first subexponential-time algorithm for contraction fixed points under the $\ell_{\infty}$-norm and, via well-known reductions, the first deterministic subexponential-time algorithm for simple stochastic games and mean-payoff games. In addition to the decomposition theorem, as our second main result in this paper, we show that the $O(k\log(1/\varepsilon))$-query algorithm of [CLY25] can be implemented in time $(k\log(1/\varepsilon))^{O(k)}$; our algorithm may be viewed as conceptually simpler compared to the algorithm of [FH26]. A key observation here is that the function constructed in [CLY25], whose fixed points are used as the next query points, turns out to be nonexpansive under the $\ell_{\infty}$-norm, so the brute-force procedure can be replaced by known algorithms for contraction fixed points.

cs.CC · cs.DS

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.40350

别丢失线索:赋予长程LLM智能体认知资源自我分配能力

Don't Lose the Thread: Empowering Long-Horizon LLM Agents with Cognitive Resource Self-Allocation

Zheng Zhu, Xiaozhuan Liang, Xi Chen, Bei Yu, Jiaya Jia

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出CORAL推理范式,让LLM智能体通过可调用的工作记忆管理工具主动检查点化任务进度并重置杂乱上下文,以缓解长程任务中的认知过载。

cs.CL

查看原文摘要

Agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in solving complex reasoning tasks. However, LLM agents often falter on long-horizon tasks due to cognitive overload, as their working memory becomes cluttered with expanding and irrelevant information, which dilutes their attention and hinders effective planning and reasoning. To mitigate this challenge, we introduce Cognitive Resource Self-Allocation (CORAL), a novel reasoning paradigm that empowers agents to proactively optimize their context. Implemented as an agent-callable working memory management toolset, CORAL allows an agent to checkpoint its task progress and verified facts, and adaptively initiate a new problem-solving episode by resetting cluttered context while preserving only the checkpointed information, enabling it to resume reasoning from a clean state. We further enhance the agent's checkpointing capabilities using a Multi-episode Agentic Reinforced Policy Optimization algorithm. On the GAIA benchmark, CORAL with an 8B model achieves 42.8% average accuracy, with particularly strong gains on the most challenging long-horizon tasks (Level 2 and Level 3). Crucially, these gains come at a substantially lower inference cost: CORAL consumes 6-7$\times$ fewer input tokens than a ReAct agent. It also generalizes to multi-hop Knowledge QA benchmarks and to the considerably harder BrowseComp, where it improves a strong proprietary agent by 8.0 points.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.39478

Regional Anchor Routing for Multi-Object Motion Transfer

Yuze Li, Fuchen Long, Xinlong Sun, Cheng Yan, Xinyu Zhang, Xi Chen

原文摘要

Compositional motion transfer requires a model to extract motions from multiple reference videos, and apply each motion to a user-specified object in one target scene. Existing methods normally struggle to reliably assign different reference motions to the correct target objects, thus a motion intended for one object may affect another. Meanwhile, some motion-specific tuning approaches are still facing another issue: they must run a new optimization whenever the reference video changes, making repeated transfers inefficient. To address these limitations, we propose RART, a framework that unifies object-wise motion extraction, target-region anchoring, and frame-aligned injection into a frozen video Diffusion Transformer for multi-object motion transfer. For each reference motion, RART extracts temporally ordered features from the masked reference video, and then conditions them on the target first-frame mask to form mask-anchored motion tokens. Frame-aligned motion cross-attention allows each generated frame to read only the motion tokens at the corresponding time slots, composing all object motions in one denoising process. During training, a motion-attention routing loss encourages each target region to attend to its corresponding motion tokens and reduces interference between objects. Therefore, RART can handle novel reference-target combinations without per-video optimization. Experiments show that RART achieves accurate motion preservation, efficient inference, and strong compositional generalization.

cs.CV

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.39356

Semantic Mismapping in Generalized Category Discovery: Evaluation and Mitigation

Zitai Wang, Qianqian Xu, Cong Hua, Xi Chen, Zhiyong Yang, Xiaochun Cao, Qingming Huang

原文摘要

Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) aims to perform old-category recognition and novel-category discovery in the same unlabeled set. Early methods address both objectives through clustering and evaluate the exchangeable predicted indices with global Hungarian (GH) matching. Recent methods adopt trainable parametric heads, using supervision for old-category recognition and discovery-oriented objectives for new categories. In this way, the output space becomes partially exchangeable: old indices are semantically anchored, while new indices remain exchangeable. However, these methods still apply global matching, which can reassign anchored old indices to other categories and hide some prediction errors. Empirically, we are surprised to observe that this reassignment can induce an overestimation of new-category accuracy by up to 25.63 points. We term this phenomenon semantic mismapping and further derive a permutation-cycle condition that characterizes when semantic mismapping can increase the global matching score. To fix this issue, we propose Semantics-Preserving Evaluation (SPE), which preserves the supervised semantics of old indices and restricts Hungarian matching to the new region. Furthermore, we propose Mismapping-Mitigating Optimization (MMO) to alleviate the prediction errors that can give rise to semantic mismapping, combining a region-balance loss (RBL) for old/new routing with a novel-diversity loss (NDL) that encourages orthogonality among new prototypes. Theoretically, we show that minimizing the two losses can tighten an upper bound on spurious accuracy gains from semantic mismapping, with controllable residual terms. Empirical results under both GH and SPE demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

cs.CV · cs.AI · cs.LG

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.25752

Which Answers Agree? Evaluating Self-Consistency from Incomplete Logs

Zhengtao Gui, Zexi Chen, Weining Shen

原文摘要

Self-consistency answers a question by generating multiple responses and selecting the most frequent answer. Its evaluation requires both correctness labels and information about which responses agree; correctness labels alone generally determine neither voting accuracy nor the benefit of additional votes. For tasks in which all correct responses map to the same normalized answer, we derive sharp accuracy bounds using classical stochastic majorization, refined by abstention counts and answer-category limits. We also derive sharp bounds on accuracy changes across voting budgets that share a response pool. When answer-category counts are available, we introduce Plurality-U, a count-based dynamic program that exactly averages voting accuracy over all fixed-size subsets, eliminating finite-pool Monte Carlo error. On 1,403,520 stored outputs from recent reasoning models in Scorio Lite and Scorio Trace, recording abstention counts and answer options cuts the width of SuperGPQA accuracy intervals by more than half. For moving from 9 to 17 votes, our bounds reduce interval width by a median of 77.7% on SuperGPQA and 72.3% on 14 GPQA and Adaptive-Consistency pools, compared with a baseline that combines separate accuracy bounds. Exact computation has lower paired median runtime than 2,000-subset Monte Carlo in 14 of 15 tested pool-budget settings. These results clarify what incomplete logs can establish and provide an exact evaluation procedure when answer counts are retained.

cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.37851

Evaluating and improving AI agents for sequencing protocol understanding

Chi-Lam Poon, Michael Goneos, Zezheng Song, Xi Chen

原文摘要

Existing scientific-agent benchmarks rarely evaluate whether agents can reconstruct the exact molecular structures and generation workflows specified by sequencing protocols, a capability critical for analyzing customized sequencing assays. We introduce LibStructBench, a document-grounded benchmark for reconstructing sequencing-library structures and molecular workflows. Our experiments show that frontier agents often produce approximately correct reconstructions but remain unreliable at exact reconstruction, particularly in molecular-state representation and workflow connectivity. Switching the underlying language model produced larger average performance differences than switching agent harnesses, with a statistically significant difference only for molecular-state reconstruction. Additional knowledge improved oligo-family recovery in a small pilot without improving mean molecular-workflow scores. Autonomous accumulation of procedural rules and cross-protocol examples showed non-monotonic validation performance and no mean held-out molecular-workflow improvement in the tested trajectory. These findings highlight the need for more controlled and verifiable approaches to scientific reasoning about molecular processes in complex experimental protocols.

cs.AI · q-bio.GN