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原文摘要

Neural-symbolic AI (NSAI) combines learned perception with programs, constraints, and compositional reasoning, but remains difficult to test because small semantics-preserving changes can alter grounded symbols and trigger discontinuous reasoning failures. Existing neural fuzzers mainly rely on neural coverage or representation-space feedback and do not provide a common testing interface for heterogeneous NSAI systems. We introduce NSAI-Fuzz, a unified semantics-aware fuzzing framework that separates task-specific valid mutation from architecture-neutral guided search and represents each candidate using five availability-aware, rank-normalized risk signals: boundary pressure, grounding uncertainty, representation drift, constraint violation, and archive novelty. We further propose Reliability-Calibrated Weighting (RCW), which learns dataset-model-level signal allocations from calibrated reliability, and Contextual Signal Gating (CSG), which adapts signal weights to the current candidate pool. We evaluate four NSAI systems across four reasoning tasks, nine compatible dataset-model cells, 20 policies, and 1,800 on-policy runs. Fixed five-signal guidance outperforms Random and Uniform in every cell, while RCW and CSG further improve over Fixed in all nine cells. Under matched mutation and query budgets, RCW and CSG achieve 16.17% and 16.06% aggregate failure discovery, compared with 6.06% for the strongest neural-fuzzing baseline. Wall-clock evaluation further shows that TensorFuzz requires 1.11x the runtime of RCW while achieving only 0.45x its failure throughput. These results show that effective and efficient fuzzing of heterogeneous NSAI systems benefits from a common neural-symbolic risk interface with adaptive signal allocation.