arXiv:2410.02583 · v5

Sample-Efficient Quantum State Tomography for Structured Quantum States in One Dimension

首次提交 2024-10-03 23:26

版本更新 2026-11-09 03:33

雷达观测 2026-11-10 13:19

摘要

In this paper, we answer this fundamental question affirmatively by using a class of informationally complete positive operator-valued measures (IC-POVMs), including symmetric IC-POVMs (SIC-POVMs) and spherical $t$-designs, focusing on sample complexity while not accounting for the implementation complexity of the measurement settings. For SIC-POVMs and spherical 2-designs, we show that the number of state copies to guarantee bounded recovery error of an MPO state with a constrained least-squares estimator depends on the probability distribution of the MPO under the POVM but scales only linearly with $n$ when the distribution is approximately uniform. For general spherical $t$-designs with a sufficiently large $t$, we prove that only a number of state copies proportional to the number of independent parameters in the MPO is sufficient for a guaranteed recovery of any state represented by an MPO. In addition, we establish a sample complexity lower bound based on the Cramer-Rao bound, showing that, for strictly positive definite MPO states and unbiased estimators, a number of state copies proportional to the number of independent parameters in the MPO is also necessary, although the upper and lower bounds do not yet match in their dependence on the target accuracy. Furthermore, we propose a spectral method and a projected gradient descent (PGD) algorithm to solve the constrained least-squares problem, both equipped with rigorous recovery error guarantees.