← 研踪 PaperTrailarXiv:2510.24282 · v2
TsetlinKWS: A 65nm 16.58uW, 0.63mm2 State-Driven Convolutional Tsetlin Machine-Based Accelerator For Keyword Spotting
首次提交 2025-10-28 18:40
版本更新 2026-11-07 17:00
雷达观测 2026-11-10 11:14
摘要
The Tsetlin Machine (TM) has recently attracted attention as a low-power alternative to neural networks due to its simple and interpretable inference mechanisms. However, its performance on speech-related tasks remains limited. This paper proposes TsetlinKWS, the first algorithm-hardware co-design framework for the Convolutional Tsetlin Machine (CTM) on the 12-keyword spotting task. Firstly, we introduce a novel Mel-Frequency Spectral Coefficient and Spectral Flux (MFSC-SF) feature extraction scheme together with spectral convolution, achieving a record-high accuracy of 87.35% for TM-based models on the 12-keyword spotting task. Secondly, we develop an Optimized Grouped Block-Compressed Sparse Row (OG-BCSR) algorithm that delivers a remarkable 9.84$\times$ reduction in model size, significantly improving the storage efficiency of CTMs. Finally, we propose a state-driven architecture tailored for CTMs, which simultaneously exploits data reuse and sparsity to attain high energy efficiency. The full system is evaluated in 65 nm process technology, consuming 16.58 $μ$W at 0.7 V with a compact 0.63 mm$^2$ core area. TsetlinKWS demonstrates a Power-Performance-Area (PPA) product of 60.2 and requires only 907k logic operations per inference, corresponding to 1.4$\times$ and 10$\times$ reductions, respectively, compared with state-of-the-art KWS accelerators. These results position the CTM as a highly efficient candidate for ultra-low-power speech applications.
作者备注：14 pages, 18 figures
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v2 · 2026-11-07 17:00 · 最新观测版本
TsetlinKWS: A 65nm 16.58uW, 0.63mm2 State-Driven Convolutional Tsetlin Machine-Based Accelerator For Keyword Spotting
The Tsetlin Machine (TM) has recently attracted attention as a low-power alternative to neural networks due to its simple and interpretable inference mechanisms. However, its performance on speech-related tasks remains limited. This paper proposes TsetlinKWS, the first algorithm-hardware co-design framework for the Convolutional Tsetlin Machine (CTM) on the 12-keyword spotting task. Firstly, we introduce a novel Mel-Frequency Spectral Coefficient and Spectral Flux (MFSC-SF) feature extraction scheme together with spectral convolution, achieving a record-high accuracy of 87.35% for TM-based models on the 12-keyword spotting task. Secondly, we develop an Optimized Grouped Block-Compressed Sparse Row (OG-BCSR) algorithm that delivers a remarkable 9.84$\times$ reduction in model size, significantly improving the storage efficiency of CTMs. Finally, we propose a state-driven architecture tailored for CTMs, which simultaneously exploits data reuse and sparsity to attain high energy efficiency. The full system is evaluated in 65 nm process technology, consuming 16.58 $μ$W at 0.7 V with a compact 0.63 mm$^2$ core area. TsetlinKWS demonstrates a Power-Performance-Area (PPA) product of 60.2 and requires only 907k logic operations per inference, corresponding to 1.4$\times$ and 10$\times$ reductions, respectively, compared with state-of-the-art KWS accelerators. These results position the CTM as a highly efficient candidate for ultra-low-power speech applications.
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