← 研踪 PaperTrailarXiv:2611.10646 · v1
On the Geometric Bottlenecks of Cross-Lingual Knowledge Editing
首次提交 2026-11-07 18:33
版本更新 2026-11-07 18:33
雷达观测 2026-11-10 11:14
摘要
Transformer-based autoregressive multilingual language models (LMs) are often assumed to store factual knowledge in an interlingua: a language-agnostic latent space. If this assumption holds, a parameter update applied in a source language during knowledge editing should inherently propagate to its semantic equivalents in target languages. However, empirical benchmarks show that cross-lingual propagation of edits often degrades substantially, a degradation that prior work treats largely as an algorithmic symptom rather than a structural bottleneck. In this work, we investigate whether representational anisotropy creates a structural bottleneck for source-only associative-memory editing, and perform a geometric dissection of the cross-lingual propagation gap. Using associative memory-based "locate-then-edit" methods, including ROME, MEMIT, and AlphaEdit, as analytical frameworks, we derive a closed-form decomposition of this gap into key-space propagation, parallel residual mismatch, and orthogonal residual mismatch. Our empirical findings show that cross-lingual propagation is primarily bottlenecked by a large orthogonal residual component, indicating that source-language edits often fail to span the target-language update directions required for successful transfer. Furthermore, we show that post-hoc correction using only source-language residual statistics encounters a large residual-prediction barrier. Finally, we perform a structural realignment via a targeted contrastive alignment objective and find that it substantially improves key-space propagation and partially improves cross-lingual edit transfer, while leaving value-space mismatch as a remaining bottleneck.
作者备注：Accepted at NeurIPS 2026
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v1 · 2026-11-07 18:33 · 最新观测版本
On the Geometric Bottlenecks of Cross-Lingual Knowledge Editing
Transformer-based autoregressive multilingual language models (LMs) are often assumed to store factual knowledge in an interlingua: a language-agnostic latent space. If this assumption holds, a parameter update applied in a source language during knowledge editing should inherently propagate to its semantic equivalents in target languages. However, empirical benchmarks show that cross-lingual propagation of edits often degrades substantially, a degradation that prior work treats largely as an algorithmic symptom rather than a structural bottleneck. In this work, we investigate whether representational anisotropy creates a structural bottleneck for source-only associative-memory editing, and perform a geometric dissection of the cross-lingual propagation gap. Using associative memory-based "locate-then-edit" methods, including ROME, MEMIT, and AlphaEdit, as analytical frameworks, we derive a closed-form decomposition of this gap into key-space propagation, parallel residual mismatch, and orthogonal residual mismatch. Our empirical findings show that cross-lingual propagation is primarily bottlenecked by a large orthogonal residual component, indicating that source-language edits often fail to span the target-language update directions required for successful transfer. Furthermore, we show that post-hoc correction using only source-language residual statistics encounters a large residual-prediction barrier. Finally, we perform a structural realignment via a targeted contrastive alignment objective and find that it substantially improves key-space propagation and partially improves cross-lingual edit transfer, while leaving value-space mismatch as a remaining bottleneck.
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