arXiv:2611.10992 · v1

Hydro-Dataset: A Multi-Modal Open-Source Pipeline for Nordic Hydrological Research and Foundation Model Benchmarking

首次提交 2026-11-08 06:20

版本更新 2026-11-08 06:20

雷达观测 2026-11-10 12:16

摘要

Despite world-class snow monitoring by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) and Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), no station-anchored, multi-parameter snow benchmark dataset exists for the Nordic boreal domain. We present Hydro-Dataset v1.1, a reproducible open-source pipeline that harmonizes 582 SMHI meteorological observation stations across nine hydrological winters (2015/16-2023/24) into a CF-1.9 NetCDF product with 1.8~million annotated station-days. Six derived snow parameters, such as Snow Water Equivalent (SWE), snow phenology, melt rates, degree-day melt factor, rain-on-snow flags, and freeze-thaw cycles, supply benchmark-ready labels for hydrological foundation model training. ERA5-Land cross-validation (Pearson R=0.78, bias=-262mm) confirms observation-anchored SWE provides a more reliable benchmark than reanalysis for machine learning training.

作者备注：Accepted for presentation at ICIP Workshop 2026 and to be published as part of the conference proceedings