GlucoFM：面向连续血糖监测的双流基础模型
GlucoFM: A Dual-Stream Foundation Model for Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Zechen Li, Keerthana Natarajan, Weizhi Zhang, Menglian Zhou, Simon A. Lee, Yuwei Zhang, Maxwell A. Xu, Zeinab Esmaeilpour 等 14 位作者
AI 速览：提出轻量级CGM基础模型GlucoFM，将血糖动态分解为慢变趋势与短期偏差双流，并在大规模无标签CGM数据上预训练，用于代谢表型分类与餐后血糖响应预测。
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides a dense view of daily metabolic physiology, yet existing generic time-series and CGM-specific foundation models often encode glucose traces as entangled single-stream sequences, leaving their multiscale temporal structure only implicitly modeled. We present GlucoFM, a lightweight CGM foundation model that aligns irregular recordings to a 24-hour chronological grid, preserves observation masks, and decomposes glucose dynamics into slow-varying glycemic trend and short-term deviation streams. GlucoFM is pretrained on 109,066 hours of unlabeled CGM recordings from 477 subjects with masked contextual latent prediction over fused daily representations and temporal dynamics prediction over the two streams. Frozen pre-fusion probes confirm distinct temporal emphasis: state tokens preferentially preserve hourly glucose level, whereas event tokens better retain short-term change. Across four diverse cohorts and seven phenotype-classification tasks, GlucoFM achieves the strongest subject-disjoint linear-probing performance among evaluated baselines, improving average PR-AUC by 4.1 points over the best CGM-specific foundation model, while also supporting strong cross-dataset transfer and few-shot adaptation. Its gains are most pronounced on core metabolic outcomes, leading PR-AUC on all diabetes-risk and $β$-cell dysfunction tasks and on 3 of 4 insulin-resistance tasks. Beyond phenotyping, when combined with recent CGM, meal nutrition, and subject context, the same frozen encoder achieves the lowest two-hour postprandial glycemic response errors among evaluated methods for trajectory, incremental area under the curve, peak rise, and peak timing. Together, these results demonstrate that GlucoFM learns reusable frozen CGM representations spanning metabolic phenotyping and context-conditioned glucose-response prediction.