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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2607.22698

FogDrive: A Multi-Modal Synthetic Driving Dataset for Perception under Graded Fog

Vansh Panwar, Naveen Varshney, Prashant W. Patil

原文摘要

Fog degrades autonomous-driving perception across modalities: it lowers image contrast, attenuates and scatters LiDAR returns, and shifts the input distribution of every learned module downstream. Choosing between restoring the degraded input and training on it directly requires the same scenes observed with and without fog at known severities, and enough foggy data to train on. Real-world capture cannot supply this: fog arrives entangled with lighting and traffic, at severities recorded rather than chosen; existing synthetic datasets narrow the sensor suite, the scale, or the severity range. We present FogDrive, a CARLA dataset of ~660 scenes (~133k frames), each released as a clear reference plus three calibrated fog densities, with physics-based fog on camera and LiDAR and 2D/3D annotations consistent across all variants. Every frame carries four cameras (RGB, depth, semantic), LiDAR, semantic LiDAR and radar -- spanning fog's response spectrum from heavily degraded cameras to largely unaffected radar. Experiments trained on FogDrive show that mixing fog densities improves 3D detection at no extra data cost, that PSNR and SSIM poorly predict a dehazer's detection benefit, and that radar improves camera-LiDAR fusion at every density. The dataset and its generation framework will be released.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12437

Occupancy Modelling of Biased Landslide Inventories: When Does Separating Occurrence from Recording Improve on Neutralisation?

Abdirashid Omar, Abdikadir Ugaas

原文摘要

Landslide susceptibility models are trained on inventories that record where landslides were seen, not where they occurred. The established remedy fits bias-describing variables and neutralises them when mapping. We adapt occupancy-detection modelling from ecology, treating several inventories as imperfect observers of one event and separating occurrence from recording, and ask when this improves on neutralisation. We use near-complete inventories of the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi, 2015 Gorkha and 2010 Haiti earthquakes with simulated reporting bias, and three real Gorkha inventories. Compared with standard practice, the occupancy model reduces road bias in 24 of 25 paired draws and raises AUC by 0.08-0.14 on Gorkha and 0.03 on Haiti, but only 0.01-0.02 on Iburi. Its median predicted-to-true landslide rate is 0.99 (range 0.44-1.89), against 0.24-0.30 for the baselines. Rescaling the baselines with the same anchor area corrects their median but leaves larger errors (range 0.20-4.34). Cell-level probabilities remain too extreme (calibration slope 0.59). Compared with the best neutralised model, AUC is higher on Iburi (by 0.03-0.07) and lower on Gorkha and Haiti (by 0.01-0.05). Transplant experiments tie the Iburi advantage to the structure of its true landslide pattern, not to its terrain or road network. In all eight settings with a low interaction gap, computable from biased records, neutralisation was at least as accurate, including a prespecified test on Haiti; a high gap did not guarantee an advantage. The real Gorkha inventories are slope-biased, not road-biased, and there the model brings no meaningful gain. Report-based catalogues remain the main untested case.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12434

Frontier AI Safety and Governance 2026: Risk Understanding and Coordinated Governance

Zeng Yi, Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Cao Gongce, Lu Enmeng, Chen Yu, Han Kaiyu, Li Kai, Wang Zhengqi 等 110 位作者

原文摘要

Frontier AI Safety and Governance 2026: Risk Understanding and Coordinated Governance is a key outcome of the AI Safety and Governance Program of World Internet Conference Specialized Committee on AI in 2026. Drawing on the latest developments in frontier AI capabilities and applications, the report systematically examines the evolving risk landscape, analyzing key risk areas, their severity and response priorities. Building on a review of existing global governance practices and an assessment of frontier AI governance readiness, it identifies key governance gaps and weaknesses and proposes directions and practical mechanisms for coordinated responses. The report provides a reference for government departments, international organizations, businesses, research institutions and other stakeholders. It aims to strengthen the international community's understanding of and consensus on frontier AI risks, enhance preparedness and collective response capacity, and advance the safe, reliable and responsible development of frontier AI to better serve the common well-being of humanity.

cs.CY

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v5arXiv:2505.23086

Equivariant Spherical Transformer for Efficient Molecular Modeling

Junyi An, Xinyu Lu, Yunfei Shi, Peijia Lin, Licheng Xu, Qianwei Tang, Chao Qu, Fenglei Cao 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Equivariant Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have significantly advanced the modeling of 3D molecular structure by leveraging group representations. However, message passing built only from exactly equivariant operations can have restricted practical expressiveness at a fixed representation degree. We introduce the Equivariant Spherical Transformer (EST), a plug-and-play module that applies Transformer attention to spherical spatial representations obtained from group representations. EST explicitly mixes information across sampled orientations, unlike prior orientation-wise spherical operations, while retaining a strong approximate equivariant inductive bias through near-uniform spherical sampling. As demonstrated by our experiments on challenging benchmarks like OC20, MPtrj and QM9, EST-based models achieve state-of-the-art performance. For the complex molecular systems within OC20, small models empowered by EST can outperform some larger models and those using additional data. We characterize the ideal closed-domain condition under which the continuous operation is exactly equivariant and empirically quantify the finite-sampling accuracy--equivariance--memory trade-off used in practice.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12411

PhysOPSD: Code as Privilege for Physically Plausible Video Generation

Harold Haodong Chen, Rui Peng, Lingteng Qiu, Kejie Qiu, Chao Xu, Zilong Dong

原文摘要

While modern video generative models achieve remarkable visual fidelity, they remain noticeably brittle when generating physically plausible dynamics and complex interactions. Targeted post-training is crucial, yet supervised fine-tuning suffers from offline state mismatch, and reinforcement learning is hindered by sparse, ill-defined physical reward functions. On-Policy (Self-)Distillation (OPSD) reconciles on-policy rollouts with dense corrective feedback, shifting the core challenge to designing effective privileged context. However, conventional modalities fall short: text prompts are inherently declarative, whereas real reference videos heavily entangle physical laws with visual appearance without parametric control. To this end, we propose PhysOPSD, introducing executable code as privileged physical context for video generation. Unlike static visual observations, executable code instantiates an editable physical world with intrinsic abstraction and controllability. Powered by PhysOPSD-Engine, we translate real-world physical scenarios into verifiable simulation programs. PhysOPSD then incorporates (i) dual-level physical privilege to bridge the information gap via an intermediate bottleneck, alongside (ii) controlled physical variations under shared rollout noise to expose causal dynamic shifts. Extensive experiments demonstrate that PhysOPSD substantially improves physical plausibility across diverse backbones, outperforming SFT and RL baselines with only $3$K samples, while preserving general video generation quality.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.08608

AutoPYara: Next-Gen YARA Rule Generator for Malware Family Clustering

Mabon Ninan, Nhat Nguyen, Soumyajyoti Dutta, Sidharth Anil, Marcus Botacin

原文摘要

Millions of malware variants threaten users daily, such that clustering these samples is key for fast incident response. AutoYara is the current state-of-the-art for automatic YARA rule generation, but the task remains challenging on realistic datasets, where intra-family diversity and noisy clustering can degrade rule quality. We present AutoPYara, a solution armored with: (1) precise cluster centroid selection based on similarity hashing, and (2) an improved heuristic for estimating subclusters within a malware family using historical VirusTotal data. We implement AutoPYara as an open-source Python package (pip install autopyara) to support reproducibility and practical use. We show that AutoPYara, (1) increases rule coverage by 14 percentage points; (2) reduces variance by 7.1 percentage points, comparing the average variance AutoPYara exhibits to that of AutoYara; and (3) improves threat-hunting accuracy by 10%. AutoPYara produces robust and effective YARA rules than prior automatic approaches in practical settings.

cs.CR · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12407

BDBBQ: A Human-AI Collaborative Benchmark for Bengali Social Bias in LLMs

Provat Saha, Ashika Habib Khan, Tahseen Tanha, Hasin Ishrak, Muhammad Iqbal Hossain

原文摘要

Despite growing attention to social bias in large language models (LLMs), existing bias benchmarks provide limited coverage of culturally grounded evaluation in Bengali, particularly within Bangladesh's sociocultural context. To address this gap, we develop a bilingual extension of BanglaBBQ comprising 61,312 question-answering instances across 12 social categories in English and Bengali. The benchmark incorporates balanced answer permutations, contrasting question framings, and both ambiguous and disambiguated contexts to systematically examine model performance and stereotype-aligned bias across languages. We validate the dataset through structural checks, 220 statistical tests, and expert annotation of 150 instances by four annotators, achieving strong inter-annotator agreement (Fleiss' \k{appa}=0.8349). We evaluate eight LLMs across 490,496 instances and identify five key findings. First, disambiguated contexts yield substantially greater accuracy improvements in Bengali (+36.59 percentage points) than in English (+17.71). Second, all evaluated models exhibit lower accuracy in Bengali, although Mistral-Nemo shows the smallest cross-lingual accuracy gap (5.12 percentage points). Third, stereotype-aligned bias exhibits language and model dependent variation, increasing in Bengali for Gemma 2 9B but decreasing for Mistral-Nemo. Fourth, higher accuracy does not necessarily correspond to lower stereotype-aligned bias. Finally, bias varies considerably across social categories, with Qwen 2.5 7B exhibiting stronger stereotype alignment in Bengali for Politics and Physical Appearance. These findings demonstrate that cross-lingual performance and social bias are distinct dimensions of LLM behavior and underscore the importance of culturally grounded, language-sensitive benchmarks for evaluating fairness beyond English-centric settings.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12406

REAL: Reward Modeling through Evidence-Linked Analysis of Lifelikeness in Generated Speech

Yaodong Song, Jie Lian, Xusheng Yang, Genliang Zhao, Hongjie Chen, Jian Kang, Zhen-Hua Ling, Jie Li 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

As modern text-to-speech systems become increasingly intelligible and natural, evaluation is shifting from detecting gross synthesis failures to identifying subtle departures from lifelike human delivery. Because large-scale listening tests are costly and slow, speech reward models can serve as scalable automatic judges for comparing generated utterances, curating data, and supporting iterative TTS development. Existing speech reward models can predict scores or pairwise preferences and may generate natural-language rationales, but their supervision is typically defined at the utterance or pair level. The connection between local acoustic phenomena and the final preference therefore remains implicit. We introduce REAL, a framework for Reward modeling through Evidence-linked Analysis of Lifelikeness in generated speech. Its central idea is to supervise not only the final pairwise preference but also a structured account of its supporting observations, linking local audio spans to perceptual phenomena, affected dimensions, and the overall judgment. Specifically, REAL-Jury constructs these evidence-linked reports through timestamp alignment, multi-model analysis, and dispute-oriented deliberation. REAL-Judge learns to generate them from paired audio inputs. REAL-Eval assesses preference prediction in two tiers, from salient perceptual differences to subtle distinctions among strong TTS systems. Instantiated with MiMo-Audio, REAL-Judge improves pairwise preference accuracy over its backbone by 16.01 and 11.41 percentage points on the two tiers, respectively, and outperforms the open-source speech reward models SpeechJudge and UniSRM on both tiers.

eess.AS · cs.SD

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2609.15841

The Existence of Maximin Share Allocations is $Δ_2^P$-complete

Sushmita Gupta, Sanjay Seetharaman

原文摘要

The maximin share (MMS) guarantee has become one of the central fairness benchmarks for allocating indivisible items. Since Kurokawa, Procaccia, and Wang [EC'14, JACM'18] showed that exact MMS allocations need not exist, a substantial literature has developed around the existence and computation of approximate MMS allocations, including the recent work of Heidari, Kaviani, Seddighin, and Shahrezaei [SODA'26]. In contrast, a fundamental complexity question posed more than a decade ago by Bouveret and Lemaître [JAAMAS'16] has remained unresolved: how hard is it to decide whether an exact MMS allocation exists? For additive valuations, Lonc and Truszczynski [JAIR'20] established membership in the complexity class $Δ_2^P$ (also known as $P^{NP}$), but no hardness result was known. For the more general class of 2-additive valuations, Bouveret and Lemaître established NP-hardness, leaving a substantial gap to the $Δ_2^P$ upper bound. Moreover, the complexity of MMS existence for additive and $k$-additive valuations was posed as open questions. We resolve this longstanding question by proving that deciding the existence of an MMS allocation for additive goods is $Δ_2^P$-complete, even for five agents. Additionally, we prove weak coNP-hardness for three agents, thereby establishing a precise dichotomy with the known existence guarantee for two agents, and strong coNP-hardness when the number of agents is unrestricted. Furthermore, our strong hardness construction yields an inverse-polynomial gap in the optimal MMS approximation ratio, ruling out an FPTAS for approximating this ratio unless P=NP. Finally, we show that all these results for goods extend to the chores setting through a polynomial-time transformation that preserves MMS existence.

cs.GT · cs.DS

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12393

AutoBuddy: Evaluating Proactive, Always-On Agents on Task Discovery and Execution in a Simulated Workplace

Shiqi Chen, Daniel Madrigal Diaz, Wei-Ning Chen, Gbola Afonja, Fangkai Yang, Rujia Wang, Chetan Bansal, Victor Rühle 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

As LLM agents become more autonomous, they are increasingly expected to run as always-on assistants on a user's behalf, identifying work to be done and completing it without being asked. Yet existing benchmarks usually give the agent its task, whereas in knowledge work the requests sit in the user's workspace and the agent must first recognise which obligations exist. We study proactive task discovery and execution, in which an agent must infer a user's pending tasks from their workspace and complete them in the systems where the work lives. This setting poses two challenges. For the agent, the tasks are buried in a large volume of mail, chat, documents and records. For evaluation, a benchmark needs a simulated organisation whose people, events and documents are mutually consistent, so that tasks arise realistically and their correct outcomes are known. We introduce AutoBuddy-Bench, a simulator that addresses these challenges. It models an organisation's employees, projects, business systems and event history as a temporal graph, renders it into realistic workspace artefacts, derives ground-truth tasks from the events that create obligations, and computes each task's outcome from the world state; execution is judged by the agent's changes to the workspace. To evaluate current LLMs, we build AutoBuddy, a reference agent with interchangeable backbone LLMs: it identifies tasks from the workspace, grounding each in its source records, and executes each in a separate session with write access. Varying only the backbone, we find a systematic shift in where tasks are lost: weaker models fail mainly at discovery, intermediate models identify tasks but often stop short of carrying them out, and the strongest models fail mainly during execution, most often on business-system operations. Discovery precision is only weakly related to execution quality, suggesting the two are distinct capabilities.

cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12392

More Than Just Style: Benchmarking Personality Influence in Large Language Models

Yuhao Liu, Mengyu Wang, Xiao Chen, Lu Liu

原文摘要

In addition to the effects of explicit input prompts and instructions, large language model outputs are influenced by underlying behavioral preferences similar to human personality tendencies. These tendencies can affect how models interpret situations and make decisions. However, their influence is difficult to disentangle from the effects of model capabilities and instructions. Therefore, we introduce SPACE, a benchmark framework combining a controlled evaluation protocol with complementary datasets for personality verification, capability assessment, and hierarchical situational tasks. Controlled comparisons across guidance conditions help distinguish personality influence from measured capability changes and immediate instruction effects. Experimental results demonstrate that although prompting can shift generation style, models' internal personality tendencies are persistent and not readily overridden by opposing instructions. Furthermore, these underlying tendencies have an observable influence on LLM task performance, highlighting the need for greater attention to these characteristics and potential applications. Training code and SPACE benchmark specifications are available at https://github.com/Niklauseik/SPACE-training.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12386

Say Shibboleth: Fingerprinting the LLMs and Harnesses Behind Agentic Attacks

Dario Pasquini, Reworr, Giuseppe Ateniese, Manish Bhatt, Sergej Epp

原文摘要

We study the fingerprinting of agentic cyberattacks. Our objective is to reliably infer information about the attacker's configuration, such as LLM version and harness, from telemetry. To achieve this, we introduce a technique we call shibboleth traps: modular honeypot services designed to elicit discriminative behaviors from agentic attackers. The traps make informative interactions a condition for obtaining resources the agent seeks, eliciting model declarations and characteristic writing without requiring a successful prompt injection. To achieve harness fingerprinting, we introduce general mechanisms to indirectly probe peculiar execution behaviors of harnesses. These probes reveal how a harness masks secrets in tool output, enforces command time limits, and schedules tool calls, using only the effects visible in subsequent requests. We show that combined declarative and behavioral inference distinguishes among 15 candidate models with an average 90% top-1 accuracy, with behavioral classifiers evaluated on held-out harnesses or task families. In a separate experiment across four harnesses, fixed probe rules identify the correct harness with 92% accuracy. When instructed to conceal their identity, agents still leave useful behavioral evidence even as their declarations become uninformative.

cs.CR · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12383

PCTac: Mechanochromic Photonic-Crystal Tactile Sensor for Dexterous Manipulation

Ruilin Zhang, Xuanshuo Liu, Junzhe Dai, Kefei Wu, Xuhao Qin, Ziyuan Jiao, Wanlin Li, Yurui Qu 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Modern visuotactile sensors primarily sense contact by imaging the deformation of a compliant interface. Using techniques such as photometric stereo, they can recover detailed contact geometry, often represented as surface normals or depth. However, force-related information typically still needs to be inferred indirectly through calibration, geometric reconstruction, or learned mappings. Mechanochromic photonic-crystal (PC) materials offer an alternative physical encoding mechanism: contact loading changes their periodic microstructure and spectral response, directly transforming local stress into a spatially resolved structural-color field. Despite this potential, PC materials have rarely been explored as visuotactile sensors for closed-loop robot learning. We present PCTac, an open-source mechanochromic PC fingertip that uses a dense hue field as its tactile observation. Loading characterization demonstrates a repeatable relationship between the applied normal load and the observed hue response. We further integrate this representation directly into a Diffusion Policy and evaluate it on three real-robot manipulation tasks. Across 90 physical rollouts, PCTac Hue achieves 68 successes (75.6\%), compared with 60 (66.7\%) for PCTac RGB, 57 (63.3\%) for Wedge RGB, and 29 (32.2\%) for vision-only. PCTac Hue also achieves the highest observed success rate on each evaluated task, including Perturbed Test-Tube Insertion, where it achieves 16/30 successes versus 13/30 for tactile RGB baselines and 1/30 for vision-only. These results demonstrate the potential of mechanochromic structural color as a compact, load-sensitive tactile representation for robot learning and closed-loop manipulation. Project page: https://bey0ndt1me.github.io/PCTac-page/.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12382

AutoVLA-D: Learn a Trajectory-Geometric Condition from Reasoning for Autonomous Driving VLA

Yuguang Yang, Zhewen Tan, Canyu Chen, Linlin Yang, Cheng Chi, Chunyang Liu, Kehua Sheng, Jinyu Yang 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

Autoregressive VLA planning usually predicts continuous trajectories as the final output, but driving instructions often describe actions rather than ego states, which weakens direct conditioning on the final continuous trajectory. We address this gap with TrajCond, which introduces a discrete trajectory-geometric condition for VLA planning. Specifically, we represent TrajCond as a 1D-Brohan differential action trajectory and learn it with a two-stage training framework before final continuous trajectory prediction. With the simultaneous autoregressive generation of discrete and numeric trajectories, we name our method AutoVLA-D (Double). Experiments on NAVSIM navtest, nuScenes, and NeuroNCAP show that discrete trajectories are weaker as direct outputs but more effective as TrajCond, consistently improving final continuous trajectory prediction across closed-loop and open-loop driving benchmarks. Code is available at https://github.com/ShivaTeam/AutoVLA-D.

cs.RO · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12346

ReVMap: Vectorized Global Mapping via Connectivity-Aware Local Map Fusion

Hongjae Shin, Jungho Kim, Donghyuk Kwak, Myeongjun Kim, Seunghoon Yu, Jiyong Oh, Jun Won Choi

原文摘要

Large-scale annotation of vectorized high-definition (HD) maps is labor-intensive and costly, motivating local-to-global auto-labeling approaches that incrementally construct global maps from local vectorized predictions. However, existing approaches often overlook prediction uncertainty and rely on heuristic map integration, potentially propagating errors and introducing topological inconsistencies. To address these limitations, we propose ReVMap, a reliable local-to-global framework that iteratively refines local map predictions and global map construction through uncertainty-guided prior utilization and connectivity-guided global map revision. Specifically, ReVMap leverages point-wise localization uncertainty to incorporate global map priors into local map prediction, improving robustness against inaccurate prior information. It then predicts local-to-global connectivity and selectively updates the global map through uncertainty-aware fusion based on the reliability of local predictions. By iteratively coupling local prediction and global revision, ReVMap progressively improves both local map accuracy and global map consistency. Extensive experiments on the nuScenes and Argoverse 2 benchmarks demonstrate that ReVMap achieves state-of-the-art performance in both local map prediction and global map construction.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12333

AMSchem: Automated Schematic Visualization of AMS Circuits via Verifiable Agentic Generation

Yichen Shi, Zhiyuan Wang, Jianing Cui, Yao Lai, Jinting Zhang, Zhuofu Tao, Hongyang Wang, Zhiping Yu 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

For decades, the netlist-to-schematic gap has remained a persistent challenge in design automation, especially for analog and mixed-signal (AMS) circuits. Netlists encode connectivity, not visual presentation, making their manual conversion into readable schematics time-consuming and dependent on expert conventions. The same gap leaves LLM-based design tools without structured visual feedback, forcing them to iterate on circuits they cannot see. We present AMSchem, a training-free, verifier-guided agentic framework that automatically generates human-readable schematics from AMS netlists. AMSchem separates circuit-aware visual planning (DrawingIntent) from executable schematic geometry (SchematicIR), and applies localized visual feedback with bounded, revalidated repair patches. Deterministic validators enforce device preservation, pin-net consistency, and geometric correctness throughout. For evaluation, we construct AMSchem-Bench comprising 64 circuits of 12 types. On the 40-circuit schematic subset, AMSchem with gpt-5.5 achieves 85.0\% validity (vs. 32.5\% direct generation). When integrated as a visual feedback module in LLM-based analog design, AMSchem resolves all 13 previously failed cases from AnalogCoder benchmark across five models, substantially improving the success rate. Our dataset and benchmark are available at https://www.amschem.com/benchmark

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12332

Do Machine Learning Models Predict?

Michele Pizzochero, Emanuele Ratti

原文摘要

Machine learning (ML) models are said to predict. Philosophers draw a line between accommodation and prediction, depending on whether or not the evidence a theory succeeds on was used in constructing it. Does this distinction survive when a theory is replaced by an ML model? We argue so, yet the dividing line becomes fuzzy. Whether an output of an ML model counts as an accommodation or as a prediction hinges upon the relationship between the patterns the input instantiate and those on which the model was selected through its training. Once this relation is taken into account, most successful outputs of ML models, we suggest, bear a strong accommodation character. We further trace the consequences of our account for confirmation, novelty, and scientific realism.

cs.CY · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2607.06583

Trajectory Inference of Human Aging from Cross-Sectional DNA Methylation Data

Chandan Gupta, Syed Haider, Pietro Liò

原文摘要

DNA methylation (DNAm) serves as one of the most robust molecular biomarkers of biological aging. While conventional epigenetic clocks accurately predict chronological age from high-dimensional CpG profiles, they treat aging as a static regression task, meaning they can only output a single score rather than simulating how an entire profile continuously changes over time. To reconstruct these continuous dynamics, we frame lifelong human epigenetic aging as a trajectory inference problem across discrete age snapshots derived from widely available cross-sectional data. We introduce a two-stage computational pipeline: first, an age-regularized Variational Autoencoder (VAE) maps high-dimensional CpG profiles onto a chronologically ordered latent manifold while preserving a generative decoder bridge back to the original methylation space. Second, we model the continuous movement across this latent space via Regularized Unbalanced Optimal Transport (RUOT) that unifies deterministic drift, random diffusion, and non-conservative mass changes. By resolving this RUOT formulation using the DeepRUOT framework, our model fluidly accommodates population-level density shifts like survivorship bias and cellular attrition without requiring rigid biological priors. Evaluated on a large-scale, 80-year pan-tissue dataset, our model demonstrates robust distribution interpolation and uncovers a prominent late-life surge in the learned growth field that mathematically captures the variance expansion driven by stochastic epigenetic drift. Finally, by decoding continuous latent paths back to individual CpG sites, we reconstruct and empirically verify distinct biological aging archetypes, offering a rigorous, generative paradigm for simulating human molecular aging.

q-bio.QM · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.05107

Who Needs Labels? Adapting Vision Foundation Models With the Metadata You Already Have

Elouan Gardès, Seung Eun Yi, Kartik Ahuja, Théo Moutakanni, Huy V. Vo, Piotr Bojanowski, Wolfgang M. Pernice, Loïc Landrieu 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

We propose a label-free approach to adapt powerful but generic vision foundation models to specialized scientific domains. Standard supervised fine-tuning is often ill-suited to these settings: labels are scarce, and task-specific training can reduce the generality needed to cope with complex domain shifts. We instead leverage metadata to adapt representations to new domains in a weakly-supervised manner. Our method, FINO, combines a standard self-supervised objective with flexible metadata guidance that handles both highly granular discrete metadata and continuous metadata. It encourages the representation to preserve informative factors while suppressing spurious ones. Across subcellular fluorescence microscopy, Earth observation, wildlife monitoring, and medical imaging, FINO outperforms matched self-supervised and fully supervised adaptation baselines. Complete-adaptation repeats confirm consistent performance across domains. Without task labels for backbone adaptation, FINO also obtains higher reported scores than selected specialised systems on three domains and matches the fourth under differing cross-paper protocols. Code is available at github.com/facebookresearch/dinov3/tree/FINO.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12324

How Many Exposures Does a World Model Need? Learning Unseen Game Mechanics at Test Time

Ku Onoda, Haruto Kawano, Shota Takashiro, Kohei Hayashi

原文摘要

World models enable agents to plan and learn from imagined experience, but in an unfamiliar environment they must learn its mechanics from limited interaction. A mechanic is a rule for how an action or an interaction changes part of the environment. Each occurrence of a mechanic that the model observes is one exposure. We ask how many exposures a world model needs to predict the effects of a new environment's mechanics. We address this question on ARC-AGI-3, a benchmark of interactive games defined by their programs. We introduce MechEval, which labels 69 recurring mechanics across 20 games from these programs. It scores each prediction on the cells the mechanic changes at each exposure. As a test bed, we build WARC (World model for ARC-AGI-3), a 35M-parameter vision transformer that is pretrained on other games and updates all of its parameters after each transition. On held-out games, WARC learns to predict four in five mechanics with at least 80% accuracy on the cells they change and keeps that accuracy to the end of the recordings. Half of them reach that accuracy within about 80 exposures, in a single play of the game, and without updates only one in seven does at all. In closed-loop play on the public games, WARC-Agent, which pairs WARC with a fixed graph explorer, triples the explorer's official efficiency score from 0.15 to 0.46, mostly through test-time training. On the hidden games of the Kaggle leaderboard, our entry scores 0.20.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.CV

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12317

Maximizing Detection Probability in UAV Search Missions using Random-Key Optimizers

Antonio Dantas, Elcio Shiguemori, Antonio Chaves

原文摘要

This paper focuses on the stochastic and real-time constraints of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) path planning in Search and Rescue (SAR) missions. We introduce a configurable data-driven and intelligent routing architecture that combines a closed-loop probability update with the Random-Key Optimizers (RKO). Our problem is mathematically modeled as a dynamic probabilistic variant of the Open Vehicle Routing Problem (OVRP), enabling the solver to switch adaptively between two objectives, thereby balancing probability maximization and resource minimization. The framework degrades elegantly under noisy priors but not under biased ones: a systematically biased map performs about half as well as flying with no prior at all. Computational tests show that the proposed scheme is scalable and competitive with single-path scenarios in terms of solution performance and serves as a strong decision guide for intelligent planning in SAR operations in unstable environments

cs.NE · cs.RO

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13044

Cyclically covering subspaces and additive perfect codes

Yangcheng Li, Pingzhi Yuan

原文摘要

Let $h_q(n)$ be the largest codimension of a subspace of $\mathbb{F}_q^n$ whose cyclic shifts cover the whole space. For $r>0$, we characterize the inequality $h_q(n)\ge r$ in terms of cyclic $\mathbb{F}_q$-linear codes over vector alphabets with covering radius one, no nonzero word of block weight one, and a scalar dual generated by the shifts of one word. For $k,m\ge2$, let $I_q(j)$ count the monic irreducible polynomials of degree $j$ over $\mathbb{F}_q$. If $k$ is prime or $m\ge2\sum_{j=1}^{k-1}I_q(j)+2$, we prove that a cyclic $\mathbb{F}_q$ linear perfect code of length $\frac{q^{km}-1}{q^k-1}$ over $\mathbb{F}_q^k$ exists if and only if $\gcd(m,q-1)=1$. When this condition holds, we also obtain \(h_q\!\left(\frac{q^{km}-1}{q^k-1}\right)=k(m-1).\) Restriction of scalars gives the same criterion for every $m\ge2$ when $q$ is odd, $q+1$ is a power of two, and $k=2p$ with $p$ prime. We also show that $h_q(q^k+1)=k$ exactly when $q$ is even, for every $k\ge1$.

cs.IT · math.CO · math.NT

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版本更新 · v3arXiv:2605.26358

Deep Learning-based Algebraic Reynolds Stress Closures for RANS Simulations of Turbulent Flows

Daniel Dehtyriov, Jonathan F. MacArt, Justin Sirignano

原文摘要

Turbulence is ubiquitous in engineering and science, yet direct simulation is prohibitively expensive. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations provide savings exceeding ten orders of magnitude but introduce unclosed terms. Offline-trained machine-learning (ML) closures suffer distribution shift in predictive simulations, while ML methods that bypass the governing equations struggle to generalise from scarce high-fidelity data. We develop a physics-derived deep learning closure for RANS, the Deep Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model (DARSM), which can be trained on one or two flow cases and accurately generalise across an order of magnitude in Reynolds number, to unseen geometries, and across flow regimes. A neural network maps flow invariants to empirical parameters in an implicit algebraic Reynolds stress equation, derived from the Reynolds stress transport equations under the weak-equilibrium assumption, imposing physics-based structure on the ML closure. End-to-end optimisation through the governing PDEs eliminates distribution shift, but both unrolled and implicit automatic differentiation fail on the stiff coupled solver. We derive adjoint equations that exploit the solver's implicit-explicit structure for efficient optimisation. On canonical square-duct and periodic-hill benchmarks, DARSM reduces average test velocity error over baseline RANS by 2-4x across Reynolds number, geometries, and flow regimes, with peak case-level reductions of 12x. The model trained on attached, anisotropy-dominated flows (square duct) accurately generalises without retraining to separated flows (periodic hills), a regime change in the underlying physics. DARSM also outperforms established ML methods: offline training, tensor-basis neural networks, field-inversion machine learning, DeepONets, physics-informed neural networks, and an adjoint-trained source-term closure.

physics.flu-dyn · cs.LG

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12296

RecoGEM: A Serving System for Production-Scale Generative Recommendation

Xiangrui Yang, Yunfeng Zhao, Jiawei Yang, Fangyu Zhang, Enrui Zhao, Liang Zeng, Cheng Peng, Minhui Xie 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Generative recommendation (GR) is moving industrial recommender systems (RecSys) from scoring candidate items to autoregressively generating item identifiers. This shift promises higher recommendation quality, but makes serving substantially harder: each request executes a short sequence of dependent decoding steps that explore a large item space and select promising candidates on the latency-critical path. GR not only creates structural mismatches with conventional RecSys pipelines, but also challenges the architectural and optimization assumptions of LLM serving stacks, making direct adoption of existing systems difficult. We present RecoGEM, our production GR serving system. RecoGEM uses a runtime--engine decoupling architecture to move GR-specific serving responsibilities, such as candidate-state transitions and live artifact updates, to a dedicated runtime. Its execution engine exploits GR's short token sequences, large candidate populations, and predictable step shapes to optimize self-attention, candidate selection, and execution planning. RecoGEM has been deployed for over nine months across our production lines, serving applications with hundreds of millions of users and supporting more than ten GR model families. On our OneModel production workloads, RecoGEM reaches over 1,000 QPS per serving instance with P99 latency below 35 ms and a 2.88$\times$ throughput improvement over representative baselines.

cs.DC · cs.AI · cs.IR

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12295

Be My Eye: Learning to See Beyond a Robot's Own Perspective

Baifu Huang, Shilin Fang, Jianan Wang

原文摘要

Robots operating in the real world are inherently subject to partial observability, particularly in multi-robot collaboration, where individual observations may be insufficient for effective task execution. A key challenge is leveraging complementary observations from partner robots to support collaborative decision-making. We argue that information sharing should go beyond passively transmitting raw observations or generic visual features. Instead, robots should selectively encode task-relevant information according to task objectives and execution progress. To this end, we propose a task-oriented active context sharing framework that transforms robot observations into compact representations, preserving critical information under constrained communication budgets. The framework adopts a two-stage training paradigm. In the first stage, onboard observations and task instructions are jointly encoded into compact context representations. Task-oriented future prediction and soft task-progress correspondence learning guide this collaboration-agnostic compression, preserving information about task objectives and execution progress. In the second stage, the learned representations are integrated into a pretrained Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policy, enabling bidirectional context exchange. Each robot combines complementary partner information with local observations to guide action generation. Action supervision jointly refines the context representations and policy, aligning information sharing with collaborative decision-making. Controlled experiments demonstrate substantial performance gains under constrained communication budgets, while three real-world experiments validate the framework in complex dual-robot tasks. These results highlight a shift from passive visual transmission toward active, task-oriented context sharing that directly supports collaborative decision-making.

cs.RO · cs.AI

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12288

ForgeSystem: An Architecture for Demand-Specific Artefact Production with AI Agents

Qingfeng He, Zhui Zhu, Yaojian Chen, Shangzhan Li, Leshan Li, Tingjian Zhang, Qian Xie, Yuxuan Li 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

General-purpose software serves many different demands, but this flexibility costs performance and efficiency on any specific demand. Software tailored to a specific demand avoids these losses, yet developing it requires substantial time and effort from human experts. AI agents offer an alternative: they can design, implement and test artefacts tailored to individual demands. We call this production paradigm Forge. Forging for a demand is economically justified when the cumulative benefit of specialisation exceeds the total cost of construction, verification and maintenance. To make Forge a repeatable production process, we propose ForgeSystem, which consists of a control layer, a forge loop and a recursive self-improvement (RSI) loop. The control layer selects which artefact serves each demand and decides which demands to forge, when to forge them and from which starting point; the forge loop iterates between production and verification until a candidate artefact passes verification; and the RSI loop draws on accumulated production records to supply starting points, refine the harness and train models. We implement ForgeSystem for training frameworks, decoding megakernels and individual computational kernels. Forged training engines reach 1.047-1.332x the model-FLOPs utilisation of their reference frameworks, forged megakernels achieve a geometric-mean decoding speedup of 1.21x over SGLang across thirteen configurations, and forged kernels match or exceed expert libraries in eighteen of twenty-two configurations, while satisfying task-specific quality requirements. Controlled comparisons show that explicit quality requirements steer agents towards optimisations that preserve training quality. We also discuss a gradual transition to Forge through service routing, and how demand-specific production may shift value accumulation and trust towards production systems.

cs.SE

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版本更新 · v3arXiv:2609.37311

ReMem: Rethinking Perception and Memory in Long-Context Recommendation Agents

Haohao Qu, Yongcheng Jing, Chun Hin Chan, Shanru Lin, Wenqi Fan, Dacheng Tao

原文摘要

Recent Recommendation Agents (RecAgents) offer a promising alternative by shifting recommendation to an active, user-side paradigm, where generative agents autonomously perceive web platforms, reason over user preferences, and execute decisions. However, existing RecAgents still suffer from two critical limitations: brittle item perception based on noisy item pages, and inefficient long-context reasoning over extended user histories and multi-step interaction traces. To address these challenges, we propose a recommendation-agent framework, termed ReMem, that combines OCR-based multimodal perception with time-evolving dynamic memory. Instead of parsing raw HTML, ReMem observes item-page screenshots and uses an OCR tool to produce structured textual evidence for the reasoning backbone. To support long-horizon preference modeling, ReMem further introduces a chunk-wise sequential update strategy that maintains a bounded textual memory while processing histories longer than the backbone context window; with fixed chunk and memory budgets, the number of update calls grows linearly with history length. This design allows the agent to preserve evolving user preferences without relying on external memory modules or disrupting the standard autoregressive generation process. To train the dynamic memory updater, we further develop a multi-memory GRPO variant whose reward combines recommendation-specific information with final-task metrics. Experiments on three Amazon-derived datasets and a controlled post-retrieval protocol show an average relative improvement of 7.58% over the strongest reported baseline across searching, ranking, and judging tasks.

cs.AI · cs.IR

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版本更新 · v3arXiv:2512.04562

LeMat-GenBench: A Unified Evaluation Framework for Crystal Generative Models

Siddharth Betala, Samuel P. Gleason, Ali Ramlaoui, Andy Xu, Georgia Channing, Daniel Levy, Clémentine Fourrier, Nikita Kazeev 等 15 位作者

原文摘要

Generative machine learning (ML) models hold great promise for accelerating materials discovery through the inverse design of inorganic crystals, enabling an unprecedented exploration of chemical space. Yet, the lack of standardized evaluation frameworks makes it challenging to evaluate, compare, and further develop these ML models meaningfully. In this work, we introduce LeMat-GenBench, a unified benchmark for generative models of crystalline materials, supported by a set of evaluation metrics designed to better inform model development and downstream applications. We release both an open-source evaluation suite and a public leaderboard on Hugging Face, and benchmark 12 recent generative models. Results reveal that an increase in stability is accompanied by lower novelty and diversity on average, with no model excelling across all dimensions. Altogether, LeMat-GenBench establishes a reproducible and extensible foundation for fair model comparison and aims to guide the development of more reliable, discovery-oriented generative models for crystalline materials.

cs.LG

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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.07425

BRIDGE: Bridging the Semantic Quantization Gap for Generative Recommendation

Yatong Xiao, Mingjie Sun, Peng Wang, Wenjin Wu, Peng Jiang

原文摘要

Generative recommendation retrieves items by autoregressively generating Semantic IDs(SIDs), where an RQ-VAE quantizes each item into a hierarchical SID sequence that the decoder generates level by level. We identify an overlooked bottleneck in this paradigm: the Semantic Quantization Gap(SQG). Quantization derives SIDs from rich continuous signals, including codebook centroids, local neighborhood geometry, and level-wise entropy. However, the decoder receives only discrete identifiers and loses the semantic structure that shaped them. This mismatch manifests in three ways: a grounding gap, where the decoder lacks semantic anchors when target-side information is limited; a neighborhood gap, where token-level supervision discards inter-item similarity and exacerbates exposure bias; and a difficulty gap, where computation is allocated uniformly despite generation difficulty diminishing with depth. To bridge the SQG, we propose BRIDGE. Codebook-grounded latent reasoning injects frozen quantizer centroids as semantic anchors before SID generation. Privileged EMA self-distillation transfers neighborhood-aware knowledge from a teacher to an on-policy student, preserving inter-item geometry while mitigating exposure bias. Effort-aware recurrence allocates more computation to the challenging early levels and progressively reduces it with depth. Across three Amazon benchmarks, BRIDGE improves Recall@10 and NDCG@10 by 10.9% and 9.7% on average over the strongest baseline (up to 12.6% and 10.7%). In a one-week online A/B experiment on a large-scale e-commerce advertising platform with 5% traffic, BRIDGE improves eCPM by 0.65%.

cs.IR

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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.04853

Teaching Robots to Say 'I Don't Know' : SENTINEL for Uncertainty-Aware SLAM

Abhishek Seetharamu, Badrikanath Praharaj, Sreeram MV

原文摘要

Low-cost 2D LiDARs lack the intensity channel that higher-end sensors use to diagnose measurement failures, yet they are widely used on educational and budget robotics platforms. We present SENTINEL, a training - free, label - free reliability estimation framework that gives range - only LiDAR an effective diagnostic signal. SENTINEL combines geometry-based scan statistics with cross - modal depth consistency between LiDAR and an RGB - D camera to compute a per - scan reliability score between 0 and 1. When the score falls below a threshold, corrupted scans are rejected and the robot falls back to calibrated wheel odometry, preventing silent SLAM corruption. We evaluate SENTINEL on a GEFIER R1 four - wheel skid-steer robot equipped with an RPLidar A2M12 and an Intel RealSense D435i in a 185 cm by 245 cm arena containing controlled transparent and reflective failure elements on a central obstacle. Spatial reliability maps across five surface conditions, including glass, mirror, shiny paper, and a mixed mirror and shiny-paper condition, show clear separation between clean and failure cases, allowing affected regions to be identified as reject or noise. Because these failure modes are absent in simulation, validation is performed entirely on real hardware.

cs.RO

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